Cow K Unit 4

Front 1

Describe the components of the male and female perineum

Back 1

Divided into two triangles: Urogenital triangle and Anal triangle

Female Urogenital triangle = Clitoris, urethral orifice and vaginal orifice

Male Urogenital triangle = Base of penis and scrotum

Anal triangle (for BOTH) = Anus and External Anal Sphincter

Front 2

Describe the vesicouterine, rectouterine and rectovesical puches

Back 2

Peritoneum folds around upper surfaces of pelvic organs forming “pouches”

Female = Vesicouterine pouch - Between bladder and uterus
Rectouterine pouch - Between rectum and uterus

Male = Rectovesical pouch - Between rectum and bladder

Front 3

Identify and describe the homologous structures of the male and female reproductive systems

Back 3

Femal/male:
ovaries/testes
clitoris/glands of penis
labia majora/ scrotum
vestibular glands/ bulbourethral glands

Front 4

describe the general structure of an ovary

Back 4

Paired, oval organs located lateral to uterus

Front 5

what is contained within an ovarian follicle

Back 5

an oocyte surrounded by supportive follicle cells

Front 6

describe a secondary oocyte

Back 6

completes first meiotic division and arrests in metaphase II (23 chromosomes); located in vesicular follicle, undergoes ovulation, & is fertilized

Front 7

describe the regions of the uterine tubes

Back 7

Infundibulum = free, funnel-shaped lateral margin of uterine tube (Fimbriae = fingerlike folds that surround ovary during ovulation)

Ampulla = expanded region where fertilization typically occurs

Isthmus = extends medially toward lateral wall of uterus

Uterine part = continuous with wall of uterus

Front 8

what is the function of fimbriae

Back 8

fingerlike folds that surround ovary during ovulation

Front 9

describe the regions of the uterus

Back 9

Fundus = curved superior region between uterine tubes
Body = largest middle section
Isthmus = narrow, constricted inferior region
Cervix = projects into vaginal canal

Front 10

describe the layers of the uterine wall

Back 10

Perimetrium = serosa
Myometrium = thick smooth muscle
Endometrium = mucosa of simple columnar epithelium

Front 11

what is the typical position of the uterus in the pelvis

Back 11

Normally angled anterosuperiorly across the superior surface of the bladder = anteverted

Front 12

Name the connective tissues that support the organs of the female reproductive system

Back 12

broad ligament, mesovarium, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament, mesosalpinx, round ligament

Front 13

broad ligament

Back 13

double layer of peritoneum draped over the uterus (drapes over uterus, but not a strong support)

Front 14

mesovarium

Back 14

mesentery connecting ovary to broad ligament

Front 15

ovarian ligament

Back 15

anchors ovary to lateral wall of uterus

Front 16

suspensory ligament (of ovary)

Back 16

– thickened superior margin of broad ligament suspending the ovary from lateral pelvic wall; passage for ovarian nerves and vessels

Front 17

mesosalpinx

Back 17

mesentery of broad ligament connecting uterine tube to the uterus

Front 18

round ligament

Back 18

extend from lateral sides of uterus, through inguinal canal to labia majora

Front 19

what is the vulva

Back 19

external sex organs of female (external genitalia)

Front 20

compare the mons pubis, labium majus and labium minus

Back 20

Mons pubis - expanse of skin and subcutaneous tissue anterior to pubic symphysis; covered with hair

Labia majora - paired, thickened folds of skin and connective tissue; covered in pubic hair (Labium majus = singular fold)

Labia minora – paired folds internal to labia majora; hairless (Labium minus = singular fold)

Front 21

what can be found within the vestibule

Back 21

Urethral opening
Vaginal orifice
Greater vestibular glands

Front 22

what is the function of the greater vestibular glands

Back 22

Secrete mucus to lubricate vaginal canal

Front 23

describe the structure of the clitoris

Back 23

Small , erectile body, located superior to the urethral opening

Homologous to penis so similar structure:
Body is formed by 2 small erectile bodies called the corpora cavernosa

Capping the body of the clitoris is the glans.

Prepuce = external fold of the labia minora that forms a hoodlike covering over the clitoris.

Front 24

name the internal components of the mammary gland

Back 24

suspensory ligaments, lobes, lobules, alveoli, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus

Front 25

Suspensory ligaments( of mammary gland)

Back 25

gland is supported from skin and fascia by these ligaments

Front 26

lobes

Back 26

Usually 15-20 lobules in each breast; organized into these

Front 27

lobules

Back 27

small oval structures lined with secretory cells

draqined by lactiferous duct

Front 28

alveoli

Back 28

Milk-secreting cells found in lobules

Front 29

lactiferous ducts

Back 29

lobules drain into this which then empties into the lactiferous sinus

Front 30

lactiferous sinus

Back 30

the lactiferous duct empties here

just deep to the nipple

Front 31

identify the function and contents of the scrotum

Back 31

Skin-covered sac that gives testes & epididymis a cooler environment for sperm development and maturation

dartos muscle

Front 32

identify the function and contents of the spermatic chord

Back 32

Originates at the inguinal canal and connects abdomen to scrotum

Contents:
Testicular artery, Pampiniform plexus (veins), and autonomic nerves, ductus deferens, creamaster muscle

Front 33

describe the dartos muscle and cremaster muscle and their importance to the male resproductive system

Back 33

Dartos muscle = layer of smooth muscle in wall of scrotum
Testes temperature elevates = relaxes to unwrinkle skin and move away from body
Testes temperature decreases = contracts to wrinkle skin and move toward body



Cremaster muscle - formed from extensions of the internal abdominal oblique
Testes temperature elevates = relaxes to move testes inferiorly
Testes temperature decreases = contracts to move testes superiorly

Front 34

what are the functions of the testes

Back 34

Production of sperm – occurs in the Seminiferous tubules

Production and secretion of androgens (testosterone) – done by the Interstitial cells within spaces surrounding seminiferous tubules

Front 35

where does spermatogenesis occur in the testes

Back 35

Seminiferous tubules

Front 36

what is the function of epidydimis

Back 36

Stores sperm until fully mature and capable of being motile

Front 37

name the ducts that sperm pass through as they move from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis

Back 37

seminferous
rete testis
efferent ductubles
epididymis

Front 38

what is the function of the ductus deferens

Back 38

sperm leave epididymis and travels through spermatic cord to pelvic cavity

Front 39

describe the structure and function of the ejaculatory duct

Back 39

formed by ampulla of ductus deferens + proximal portion of the seminal vesicle (Conducts sperm from the ductus deferens to the prostatic urethra)

Front 40

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system

Back 40

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

Front 41

seminal vesicles

Back 41

On posterior surface of the urinary bladder

Secrete an alkaline fluid containing fructose (nutrient), bicarbonate (buffer) & prostaglandins (help sperm enter uterus)

Front 42

prostate gland

Back 42

-immediately inferior to the urinary bladder

Secretion contains mucin, citric acid (nutrient), seminalplasmin (antibacterial), & prostatic-specific antigen (helps liquify semen)

Front 43

bulbourethral glandsw

Back 43

in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of the membranous urethra

Secrete mucin

Front 44

compare the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Back 44

corpora cavernosa:paired
Located dorsolaterally
Terminates at the distal shaft of the penis

corpus spongiosum:single
Inferior and midline; surrounding the spongy urethra
Distal end continues within the glans

Front 45

compare erection and ejaculation

Back 45

ERection: produced by Erectile bodies composed of venous spaces; fill with blood from a central artery
Parasympathetic innervation from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Ejaculation = expelling of semen from the penis
Sympathetic innervation from lumbar splanchnic nerves

Front 46

describe the general innervation of the reproductive organs

Back 46

sympathetic: Generally from the inferior mesenteric ganglion
Receives axons from the Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves (L1-L2)

parasympathetic: Testes & Ovary = Vagus nerve (CN X)

Penis, Uterus, Vaginal canal = Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Front 47

the ovarian or testicular arteries are braches from:

Back 47

bilateral branches off of abdominal aorta (Also known as Gonadal arteries)

Front 48

describe the venous drainage of the left and right ovarian or testicular veins

Back 48

Right: testicular or ovarian vein drain right into the inferior vena cava


left:testicular or ovarian vein drain into LEFT Renal Vein