Core Concepts

Front 1

________ refer(s) to the mental capacity to acquire knowledge, reason, and solve problems.

Back 1

Intelligence

Front 2

________ are our mental representations of categories of items or ideas, based on experience.

Back 2

Concepts

Front 3

Word definitions and mathematical formulas are examples of ________ concepts

Back 3

artificial

Front 4

The mental map of where your psychology class is and where your home is located is called a

Back 4

cognitive map.

Front 5

lowers, trees, grass, a pond, birds, bees, and a bench, may make you think of a park. This is your

Back 5

schema.

Front 6

________ not only have a repertoire of effective strategies, but they also know how to avoid the common impediments to problem solving and decision making.

Back 6

Good thinkers

Front 7

________ argued that a truly objective science of psychology should deal solely with observable events: stimuli from the environment and the organism's responses.

Back 7

John Watson

Front 8

Who was the founder of psychoanalysis?

Back 8

Sigmund Freud

Front 9

A psychologist who studies how hormones affect a person's behavior is using the ________ perspective.

Back 9

Biological

Front 10

According to this perspective, the methods of science can be used to study the mind.

Back 10

Cognitive

Front 11

The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes

Back 11

treating mental disorders.

Front 12

According to this perspective, people change as the influences of heredity and environment unfold over time.

Back 12

Developmental

Front 13

Structuralists were concerned with uncovering the basic components of

Back 13

the mind

Front 14

The term "psyche" means

Back 14

mind

Front 15

Gestalt psychology argued that perception is

Back 15

a process in which the whole is more than the sum of the parts.

Front 16

The principles of psychodynamics were first outlined by

Back 16

Frued

Front 17

Noted Greek philosophers-such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle-observed that

Back 17

emotions can distort thinking.

Front 18

In an experiment, the independent variable is always

Back 18

controlled by the researcher.

Front 19

A subject in an experiment that receives no real treatment would be receiving

Back 19

a placebo

Front 20

Dr. Williamson provides students with different types of beverages and then measures their ability to drive a car. In this example, beverage type is the

Back 20

independant variable

Front 21

Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the number of automobile accidents people have been involved in as a driver. Whether a person is male or female is the basis of

Back 21

the independent variable in this study.

Front 22

This type of correlation coefficient indicates that the variables change simultaneously in the same direction: As one grows larger or smaller, the other grows or shrinks in a parallel way.

Back 22

positive corelation

Front 23

In an experiment, which variable is controlled by the experimenter and which is measured by the experimenter?

Back 23

independent variable; dependent variable

Front 24

If there is a negative correlation between candy consumption and happiness, what would we expect to note in people who eat a lot of candy?

Back 24

People who eat more candy are sadder than those people who eat less candy.

Front 25

This type of correlation coefficient indicates that the variables change simultaneously in opposite directions: As one grows larger, the other gets smaller.

Back 25

Negative correlation

Front 26

In science, a theory

Back 26

is a testable explanation for a set of observations.

Front 27

The American Psychological Association guidelines state that research participants must

Back 27

be debriefed after the study if the research involves deception.

Front 28

The letter ________ is used to symbolize a correlation coefficient.

Back 28

r

Front 29

A study in which participation is NOT truly voluntary and informed is said to involve

Back 29

deception

Front 30

Simply put, the difference between people in the experimental group and those in the control group is whether they

Back 30

receive the study treatment.

Front 31

In a well-designed experiment, subjects must be ____________________ to experimental conditions to control for other _____________.

Back 31

controlled, factors

Front 32

Which of the following is NOT a drawback to correlational studies?

Back 32

The results may not hold true in the real world outside of the laboratory.

Front 33

Psychology is differentiated from pseudoscience because of

Back 33

its method of using the scientific method to test theories and hypotheses.

Front 34

The literal meaning of the word "psychology" is the

Back 34

study of the mind