Coral Reefs

Front 1

dominate organisms

Back 1

hermatype (reef-building) , corallineAlgae

Front 2

Ecologyof Coral Organism

Back 2

zooxanthellae and Symbiotic(mutualistic) relationships of the hermatypiccorals.

Front 3

gains

Back 3

protection and nutrients

Front 4

provides

Back 4

hotosynthesis, Oxygenand Aidsin calcification

Front 5

Mechanismsof Calcification

Back 5

Geochemical precipitation,Biomineralization ,Calcification

Front 6

Typesof Calcareous Material

Back 6

Aragonite, Calcite, Tropicswhere water is supersaturated with CaCO3

Front 7

advantages of calcification

resistance to

Back 7

labrasion, Waveshock,grazing.

Front 8

advantage of calcification

protection against

Back 8

fouling,lepiphytesand High/intenselight .

Front 9

Distribution

Back 9

Pantropical ,n Indo-Pacific Ocean, 18-20 c isotherms ,AtlanticOcean ( Caribbean basin )

Front 10

Factorswhich Influence Coral Reef Development

Back 10

TropicalTemperature ,Transparent water Salinity (35 psu), Limited Air Exposure

Front 11

Typesof Reefs

Back 11

fridge, Barrier , Atoll, patchreef , bankreef

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fridge

Back 12

Growsout from a land mass but is still attached.

Front 13

Barrier

Back 13

Separatedfrom land mass by a lagoon.

Front 14

Atoll

Back 14

Circular-to-ovalshaped reef that surrounds a central lagoon Notassociated with land mass may have small island/windward side.

Front 15

four theories that explain the origin of coral reefs

Back 15

darwnin theory, glacial activity, plate tectonic theory, Antecedent-plateform Theory

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DarwinTheory

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Submarine volcanoes formed islandsrising from the sea floor, After these islands rose above sealevel, they gradually began to sink back into the sea, As islands subsided, their coastswere colonized by corals.

Front 17

glacialactivity

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Sea level changes resulting from theglacial activity of the Pleistocene Epoch. Resulted in the formation of erosional terraces upon which modern reefs developed

Front 18

Platetectonic Theory

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Seafloor spreading which results inthe movement of major plates that make-up the earth’s crust. Results in the rising and lowering ofplates in relation to water depth.

Front 19

Antecedent-plateform Theory

Back 19

combination of all three

Front 20

abiotc factors

Back 20

temperature, nitrogen, salinity, water motion

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biotic factors

Back 21

Competition for substrate and spacebetween corals and other algae, Grazing activities

Front 22

coral reef zones

Back 22

Intertidal/BackReef BreakerZone/Reef Crest Forereef

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Productivityof Coral Reefs

Back 23

High gross productivity, in spite of low nutrients.

Biological regulation of a positivebalance of nutrients for growth and calcification.

Front 24

MicrobialInfluences

Back 24

ciguatera , nitrogenfixation,symbioticbacteria § blue-greenalgea insponges

Front 25

HumanImpacts

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eutrophication , sedimentation ,oilpollution , coralmining ,destructivefishing practices

Front 26

Interactionsof Human Disturbances with Natural Disturbances

Back 26

storms& hurricanes ,coralbleaching &disease , outbreaks& coral predators ,massmortalities of reef herbivores