Confucianism & Daoism

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Analects

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thecollection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confuciusand his contemporaries, traditionally believes to have been written byConfucius’ followers

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Confucius/Kongfuzi,

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aChinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher who emphasize personal andgovernmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice andsincerity.

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Dao/Tao

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either‘The Way’ in the sense of the Ultimate or the ‘way’ in the sense of the pathtaken by followers of a particular tradition

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Daodejing/Tao te Ching

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aChinese classical text written by Laozi, a record-keeper at the Zhou Dynastycourt

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Eight Immortals

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a group of legendary enlightened immortals/saints inChinese mythology. Each immortal’s power can be transferred to a power toolthat can bestow life or destroy evil. Together, these 8 tools are called theCovert Eight

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Filial piety

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owea debt to those who have raised us; respect child shows parents, thisrelationship was extended to five relationships

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Five relationships,

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rulerto ruled; father to son; husband to wife; elder brother to younger brother;friend to friend

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Five classics:

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five ancient Chinese books used in Confucianism as thebasics of studies – Classic of Poetry, Book of Documents, Book of Rites,Classic of Changes, and Spring and Autumn Annals

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Four Books

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Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value andbelief systems in Confucianism – Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean,Analects, and Mencius

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I Ching

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Bookof Changes; composed of 64 hexagrams, with each giving a piece of advice;sometimes used by the government as a method of prophecy/divination;long-lasting permanent change vs. quick change

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Laotzi/LaoTzu

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ancient Chinese philosopher and author of the Tao TeChing (Laozi); seen as a deity in most religious forms of Taoist philosophy

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Mencius

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thesecond most prominent Confucian thinker, known in Chinese as Meng Ke, MasterMeng, and Mengzi; he believed that human nature s inherently good

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Qi/Chi

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ideaof the ‘force’; spiritual, disembodied force of the universe that flowsthroughout us

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Qigong/Chigong:

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a ‘breath’ discipline or set of exercises used to enhance health and spiritual well-being; also the vital or material energy or force that animates everything in the universe

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Ren

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: the central Confucian virtue, usually translated as‘humaneness’, ‘benevolence’, ‘goodness’, or ‘compassion

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Taiji/T’ai-chi

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the‘Great Ultimate’, understood to coexist with the Ultimate of Non-being; alsothe term for the slow motion exercise widely known in English as Tai Chi

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Tian

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the mandate of Heaven

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Wuwei

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‘Notdoing’ as a way of being in the world: a state not of doing nothing but ofacting without intention or self interest; an ideal for both Daoists andConfucians, though most prominently associated with the former

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Yang

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wordfor one half of the two opposing forces in Chinese philosophy, described as thebright force opposing yin (feminine)

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Ying

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wordfor one half of the two opposing forces in Chinese philosophy, described as thedark force opposing yang (masculine