Daoism And Confucianism Ch 6

Front 1

Matzu (Matsu)

Back 1

- a chinese girl who died young
- became a goddess
-especially powerful as a protector of fishermen
-called heavenly mother

Front 2

Three Doctrines

Back 2

Confuciansim, Daoism and Buddhism
- have profound influence on chinese culture

Front 3

Early Chinese Beliefs
a) Spirits

Back 3

-active in every aspect of nature and human world
-good spirits brought health, wealth, long life, and fertility
-Bad spirits cause accidents and disease
-disturbance of nature- drought, , earthquake
- there are punishments from spirits because of human failures
-harmony can be restored through rituals and sacrifices

Front 4

b) Shang Di (Shang Ti)

Back 4

-the omnipotent power believed to rule the world
-during Shang Dynasty (c. 1500-c.1100 BCE)
-was thought as a personal god,
-capable of being contacted by diviners
-perhaps was the memory of an ancestor
-the veneration of Shang di was part of ancient practice of honoring ancestors

Front 5

c) Tian

Back 5

- meaning "heaven"
-began in Zhou (chou) Dynasty
- a new political regime
- Zhou kings ignored the Shang belief
-Goal of religion (politics): Harmony with heaven
-instead explained everything through Tian
- envisioned as an impersonal divine force that controls events on earth
- a cosmic moral principle that determines right and wrong

Front 6

Veneration of Ancestors

Back 6

-the same cautious reverence shown to spirits is naturally felt for the ancestors
- at death, ancestors become spirits who need to be soothed
- this ensures their positive influence on living family members
1. veneration
2. Duty to honor ancestors
3. Belief that spirits had power and influence over family fortunes and of those still alive
4. Shrines, graves, offerings, prayers
5. Name of family recognized lineages
6. Duty and honor to family

Front 7

Patterns in nature

Back 7

Patterns in nature

-China has long and mighty rivers, high mountains
-Chinese learned that they couldn’t control nature, so they learned how to work with it
- patterns: progression of seasons, path, of sun and moon, cycle of birth and death, alteration of yin and yang
- ex: astrology, Feng Shui (originally used to position graves), cycles of seasons, births and deaths, poetry and art, and order and proper place, hierarchy.

Front 8

Yin and Yang

Back 8

• Chinese commonly thought universe expressed itself in opposite but complementary principles:
o Light and dark, day and night, hot and cold
• Yin: shade, dark, wet, female, tranquil, soft, flexible
• Yang: Sun, bright, dry, male, focused, hard, aggressive
• Although yin and yang are not the same as good and evil
• Ideal is the dynamic balance between forces
o The emblem of balance is a yin- yang circle
o The yin is the dark comma and the yang is the white comma
o The dots suggest that everything contains its opposite and will eventually become its opposite
o Both forces are dynamic and in perfect balance as they change

Front 9

Divination

Back 9

- A system of methods for knowing more about the future
- An integral part of early Chinese tradition
- Oldest technique involved in the reading of lines in bones in and tortoise shells
- Later an elaborate practice was developed
o Involved Yijing (I Ching)

Front 10

Confucianism

Back 10

The Way of Propriety
-propriety:the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals
-was China's main ideology
- provided a system of political philosophy, bureacratic models and organizational structures for running the gov't and blueprints for organizing society and the economy

Front 11

Daoism

Back 11

The Way of Flourishing

Front 12

Shang

Back 12

-formation of urban centers
-stratification and organization of society-ritual specialist and diviners developed
-developed of early written script; ritual sacrifices
-rulers: capital of palace/temple complexes
-combines religions and political authority

Front 13

Zhou Dynasty

Back 13

- Chinese Golden Age
-defeated in 771 BCE- 221 BCE

Front 14

Quin Dynasty

Back 14

-militaristic and authoritatarian
-united China under Sing Imperial rule

Front 15

Mandate of Heaven

Back 15

-sense of connectedness with divine and human worlds
-with king acting as intermediary
-king intercedes on behalf of people
-ritual and sacrifice

Front 16

Early Myth of this era

Back 16

- many gods
- heroes
- strange birds
- mythical lands
- still in belief in immortals


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Front 17

Kong Qiu (Kung Chiu) or Kung Fuzi

Back 17

- born in 551 BCE
- had dreams of working in government
- most influential as teacher
- lived in era of collapse of feudal system and violence
- his concern: social harmony and social order

Front 18

Analects

Back 18

-saying attributed to confucias
-composed over a few hundred years by various authors/sources

Front 19

Accepted Various Divinities

Back 19

- including many gods of nonpopular religions
-concerned about social harmony via social training and ethics

Front 20

The Five Classics

Back 20

- Five texts associated with Confucias
- classical literature proceeding Confucius
-including poetry, history, and divination
*don't need to know I
V
1.) Yijing ("Classic of Changes"),
2.)the Shujing ("Classic of History"),
3.) the Classic of Poetry,
4.) the Collection of Rituals
5.) the Chunqiu ("Spring and Autumn Annals")

Front 21

Goal of confucias

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- to reinstate the timeless way (Dao) that was revealed and followed by the ancient sages

Front 22

Method of Confucias

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- education to make superior person full of respect and care
("attack the evil that is within yourself, don't attack the evil that is in others")
-respect tradition and elders

Front 23

5 Great Relationships

Back 23

- in Confucianism human beings are their relationships
- Hierarchy-proper order and respect and action leads to social harmony
1. Father-son
a. Filial piety-respect for family
2. Elder brother-
a. younger brother must be obedient to older brother
b. older brother carries on responsabilities
3. Husband and Wife
a. Hierarchal: Husband is the authoritative protector
b. Wife protects, manages home, and is mother
c. Wife is not a romantic western lover
4. Elder- younger
a. Elders form character and offer care to younger generation
b. Younger generation must show humble submission, respect and care for the elders
5. Ruler-Subject
a. Ruler must act like a father
i. Care for and sternly rule rest of society

Front 24

Confucian Today

Back 24

cultural revolution of the 70s
- the communist party throughout ideal of confucian
-was recast as a feudal affront to progess
- "New Confucian"- seek to use confucian wisdom to improve democracy, science, liberalism, and human rights

Front 25

Confucian Virtues

Back 25

1. Ren (jen) – think of or care for others, empathy
2. Li- propriety, proper action in a given social situation
3. Shu- Silver Rule- reciprocity- relationship involving mutual exchange- How would my actions be viewed by the others involved in them?
4. Xiao (hsiao)- filial piety (devotion to parent/offspring)
a. devotion to welfare of family
5. Wen- Culture; arts, especially poetry, painting, music and calligraphy (lettering)
6. Sincerity- way of Heaven, choosing job duties and social obligation over selfish desires
a. It is noble action which bind you to heaven

Front 26

Rectification of Names

Back 26

1. Things should be called what they really are
2. Things should conform to what they are called
-Disharmony happens when people don’t know their rules or do not act in keeping with them
- in the Confucianism doctrine means to know one's roles in the web of relationships that create community, and behaving accordingly so as to ensure social harmony

Front 27

Quest for Sagehood

Back 27

- by studying canonical texts,
-spiritual cultivation contemplative practice
a standard of inspiration
- this quest frequently leads to tension and conflict with existing sociopolitical order
-entails profound knowledge- persisant search for inner freedom

Front 28

Laozi (Lao Tzu)

Back 28

- the legendary founder of Daoism
-meaning “old master,” “old child”
-some believed he existed, but others did not
-he left his post and travelled west by ox
- the border guard recognized him and demanded he write his wisdom/teachings down or he could not pass through the border
-→this resulted in Dao
-Laozi’s primary principle is that the Dao remains constant among the ever-changing realm

Front 29

Wu wei (woo-way)

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-no action
- no strain
- doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally
-effortless

Front 30

Qi (ch'i; chee)

Back 30

-life force

Front 31

Four Books

Back 31

- the major confucian books
-include sayings of Confucian and Mencius

Front 32

Junzi (chun-tzu)

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- "noble person"
-the refined human ideal of confucianism

Front 33

Three Teachings -Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism

Back 33

-people are aspect of each in their daily lives
-popular religion practiced at local levels
-blends the three
-also focuses on ancestors, ghosts, spirits
-worship of various divine and supernatural beings for blessings, wealth and health
-burning celestial money, festival temple
-extorcism, mediumship, possesion for divination from a particular diety
- all beings are different manifestations of qi (asic matter of the universe)
- so that supernatural and mundane world are joined and influence one another

Front 34

Two Kinds of Souls

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1.) Po: earthly soul
-linked with yin that moves downward toward the earth
2.) Hun: Heavenly soul linked with Yang
- this travels upward at death
- can be reborn as a god or ancestor

Front 35

The Tao

Back 35

- Chinese medicine
- Influence of Daosim
- An ancient science/worldview/religion/from which oriental medicine was born
- Taoism-the way of the harmony

Front 36

Law of Correspondence

Back 36

-microcosm/macrocosm
-human/universe (oak in the acorn)
-tongue, eyes, force, hand, pulse are all microcosmic maps of body
-color, sound, emotion, tastes, all correspond to different prgans
-acupuncture-
-meridians: each of a set of pathways in the body along which vital energy is said to flow

Front 37

The Tao

Back 37

- Chinese medicine
- Influence of Daosim
- An ancient science/worldview/religion/from which oriental medicine was born
- Taoism-the way of the harmony
-microcosm/macrocosm
-human/universe (oak in the acorn)
-tongue, eyes, force, hand, pulse are all microcosmic maps of body
-color, sound, emotion, tastes, all correspond to different prgans
-acupuncture-
-meridians: each of a set of pathways in the body along which vital energy is said to flow

Front 38

12 main meridians

Back 38

lung, large intestine, stomach, spleen, heart, small intestine

Front 39

Five elements of Nature in our body

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fire, earth, metal, water, and wood

Front 40

Goal of Dao

Back 40

Sage of who is serene and in harmony with the Dao, lives an unstructured life of spontaneity in nature (totally opposite of goals of Confucianism)
-rigid structures, rules, laws of society and ruling elites, and social conventions stifle freedom.

Front 41

Key Imagery / Ideals

Back 41

- water- gentle, lowly, ordinary, yet enduring with strength and effortlessly moves around obstacles
-women- sensitive, receptive, powerful
Child- energy, wonder, naturalness, always, exhibit true emotions and then lets them go