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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ctrl-Alt Fx (2-6) will do what?
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Switch to a shell based prompt |
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How do you switch back from a shell based prompt?
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Alt F7 |
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What does the "zsh" command do?
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Switches to a zsh terminal
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How do you get your default shell info?
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echo $SHELL |
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Key Combo to switch terminal when already in text shell
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ALT F1-F7
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CMD to see Shell Variables
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env
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Determine if ntp is running.
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chkconfig ntp
systemctl status ntp ntpstat |
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how to shut down system
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reboot init 0 (as root) |
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CMD to shutdown and reboot a server as root
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init 6 |
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CMD to get information about commands.
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man |
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CMD like "man" that explains commands.
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info
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CMD to change privileges being used.
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By default the cmd by itself will switch to root. |
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CMD to list running applications
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top
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Displays the path of the cmd
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which |
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Display currently logged in user
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whoami |
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displays statistical information for netwoks
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netstat most common Linux netstat -antp |
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CMD to view or add pathways to routing tables.
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"route" and or "route add"
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CMD to display kernel and distro release info.
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uname -a
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vi cmd to delete word and space after the cursor |
dw |
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vi cmd to delete word but not the space after the cursor |
de
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vi cmd to delete from cursor to end of document |
d$
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vi cmd to delete from cursor to end of line
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dd
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vi cmd to paste last deleted info to current cursor location. |
p
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cmd to denote current directory location
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pwd
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File that list drives, partitions, and filesystems
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/etc/fstab
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File that defines local groups on a system
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/etc/group
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File that list hostnames to IP Address for the resolution of hostnames. |
/etc/hosts
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File that contains configurations parameters for the init process |
/etc/inittab
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File that contain the configurations parameters for you kernel modules. |
/etc/modules.conf
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Location of file that a user must be listed in or added to in order to use the sudo cmd.
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/etc/sudoers
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file that contains configuration parameters for the init process. |
/etc/inittab
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A subdirectory that contains startup scripts for installed services.
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/etc/init.d/ /etc/rc.d/init.d ( for RedHat) |
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File that contains configuration parameters for kernel modules.
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/etc/modules.conf
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Location of system user account info...
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/etc/passwd |
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Location of Encrypted passwords
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/etc/shadow |
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Location of config files for X Windows
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/etc/X11 |
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What dir contains important system management and admin files. ie: fdisk, fsck, ifconfig, init, mkfs, shutdown, and halt.
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/sbin
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Contents of /usr folder exe programs library files system admin folder docs and man pages |
/usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/sbin /usr/share |
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Name these Directories -Running services on sys like http and ftpd. -Info about the hardware on system. -Contains temp files -Applications Files -Log Files |
/srv /sys /tmp /usr /var |
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Device File for Linux floppy disk.
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/dev/fd0
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Device id for IDE CD-ROM drive connected to Primary IDE channel.
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/dev/hdb
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The directory that contains Linux system config files |
/etc
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What doe FIFO stand for
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Used to move data from one running process to another in a specific order. |
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File pointers that point to other files in the file systems.
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the link cmd by default it creates hard links -s creates soft links links can not be create across file volumes. |
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CMD used to copy files
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cp cp (file pathway) (new location pathway) |
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delete file delete dir |
rm (filename pathway) rmdir (dir pathway) *dir must be empty, if dir is not empty use the -r to force delete |
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ls switches -a -l -s -r |
display all files including hidden files gives a long listing of the dir size of the file in dir displays contents of the dir and sub dir |
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shorter cmd for cat /var/log/dmesg |
dmesg |
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option prevents you from overwriting existing files with the > operator. |
noclobber
sudo set -o noclobber (turns on) sudo set +o noclobber (turns off) In some cases you may really want to overwrite the file. In this case, instead of turning noclobber off, you can use >! to force the file to be written. |
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3 phases of boot |
bios boot loader kernel |
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cmds for restart |
init 6 shutdown -r now reboot |
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Files that linux reads during authentications |
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
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how do you modify a user?
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usermod
usermod -c edits the full name usermod -g sets the default group usermod -l changes username usermod -p changes passwd usermod -u sets the UID |
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how do you change the users group?
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chgrp
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where does bash store individualuser's shell preferences?
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~/.bashrc
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Where are the login shellsconfiguration parameters stored forsystem wide?
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/etc/profile
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Which configuration file is used when a user opens a non-login bash shell?
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~/.bashrc file is used.
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how do you view your bash history?
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history cat, less, more ~/.bash_history |
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how do you create an alias cmd? |
alias new_cmd = "old_cmd_w/switdch" ex: alias ls2="ls -al" |
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how do you redirect a directory into a text file using tail?
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tail /var/log/messages 1> lastmessages creates a text file called"lastmessages" using the tail end ofthe log file messages |
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Command to check runlevel |
runlevel 0 - Halt 1 - Single User Mode (Sorta like safe mode) 2 - Local Multi w/Networking 3 - Full Multi w/ Networking 4 - Not Used 5 - Full Multi w/ Networking and X Windows |
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removes prog package and config files on Debian machines. |
dpkg -P program |
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A command can be used to automate the making and breaking of symbolic links, which determine what to run in which runlevel
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insserv |
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cmd used to load or remove kernel module from or to Linux kernel |
modprobe udev relies on modprobe to load drives for auto detecting hardware. |
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You need to know what partitions exist on local hard drives.
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fdisk -l |
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Cmd that eliminates all cached packages from the system. |
yum clean packages (for packages) yum clean headers (for headers) yum clean all (for both headers and packages) |
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key combo that lets you access to command line during install |
ALT + F2 |
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env variable that determines the primary prompted displayed at the bash command line. |
PS1 |
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Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces |
Expand |
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Is a program that converts between
Red Hat rpm, Debian deb, Stampede slp, Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats. |
alien |
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The bash shell does what for the user |
Interprets input |
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Files are not executed during login. What happens to them |
They are sourced. |
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VI command, from Command mode, that will reload the file from disk and leave you in the editor. |
e! |
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describes the first logical partition on the first hard disk in a GRUB configuration
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hd0,4 |
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The command that allows you to make changes to parameters for a configured GRUB menu choice. |
e |
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location that you are most likely to find the boot loader code on a Linux system? |
Master Boot Record First Sector of Partition |
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Which file system does not use journaling |
Ext2 |
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What switch enable tail to monitor a file? |
-f |
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Define these Man Page Sections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
Man Page SectionsUser CommandsSystem CallsC Lib FunctionsDevice and Special FilesFile Formats and ConventionsGamesMiscSystem Admin Tools ans Daemons |
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A component in the Linux boot process is a small ramdisk in memory to which a temporary root file system is copied
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initrd image With later Linux kernels, the bootloader creates a temporary ramdisk in memory during the boot process called an initrd image. This image contains a basic file system that can be used to complete a variety of startup tasks. |
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While installing a new Linux workstation you decide you want to use POSIX users and permissions. Which file systems can you use during the installation? |
ReiserFS Ext4 |
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env variable that specifies the location of the man pages on a linux system |
MANPATH |
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When installing a Linux system which directory must have its own partition? |
/ |
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when using the ln command which option is first target or source? |
target fist, source second |
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globbing |
? * {} [] ie - "touch {a..c}.1" Will let you create files a.1, b.2, c.1 |
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print the exit value of a cmd that was just run. |
echo $? |
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Enables you specify env variables in a shell. |
export set allows the management of shell variables. |
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In /etc/passwd what do the followning characters mean in the password field mean? * ! x |
* - no logon or no password set ! - password set account disabled x - password set |
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vipw vigr |
The vipw and vigr commands edits the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively.
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what command do you us to change your password? |
passwd -d = delete -e = expires account -i = disable account |
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getent |
The getent command displays entries from databases supported by the Name Service Switch libraries, which are configured in /etc/nsswitch.conf. |
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If you are not in ________ or you are in ________ you can not used crontab -e |
cron.allow cron.deny |
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diff between cron and at |
at is a one time cron can be scheduled |
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if a cron job is missed because of shutdown the job will be run... |
at next scheduled time. anacron will ensure job goes off at next start up. |
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to see what "at" jobs are scheduled use |
atq |
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to remove at job use |
atrm |
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cron job time scheduled |
min hr dM M dW min = 0 - 59 hr = 0 - 23 dM = 1 - 31 dW = 1 - 7 |
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simulate a shutdown using what switch |
shutdown -k |
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What database is the timezone pulled from? |
/usr/share/zoneinfo |
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How do time zones get converted in Linux |
through the use of Libraries |
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What is the name of the grub2 configuration file. |
grub.cfg |
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Mail Transfer Agents (MTA) |
XM qmail - secure sendmail postfx |
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.forword file in your home directory lets you do what? |
enables you to send to multiple users. |
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if you configure aliases they will not work until you run what cmd |
newaliases |
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what replaced LPD, but is backward compatible. |
CUPS cups enable - allow jobs. cups reject - pause jobs |
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lpr lprm lpq |
LPD commands. |
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cmd to run after updating your list of Debian repository files. |
apt-get update |
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nsswtich question |
/etc/nswitch.conf |
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env variable used to provide additional library support and is considered a security risk. |
LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
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A CMD to limit access to resouces like memory, #of files, etc |
ulimit |
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lsof |
List open files. |
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/etc/nologon means what?
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no one but root are able to login |
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gpg --keyserver |
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UID of root Account |
0 |
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cmd that lets you view the processes in a treelike hiearchy |
pstree |
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cmd used to classify the kind of information a file is |
file |
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to see if you have installed a package use |
apt-cache search |
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utility on your system can display the number of free and used inodes as a total and percentage |
df -i |
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using the "at" cmd find a job delete the job |
at -l (locate) atrm (remove) |
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umask |
Command lets you alter the default permissions in a shell
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