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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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research
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systematic inquiry into a subject
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communication
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process by which people arrive at shared meanings through the interchange of message
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discipline
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Common interests, central focus , complementary areas of expertise form a discipline
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Structure of a Discipline
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1. Communication and technology
2. Group communication 3. Health communication 4.Instructural communication 5. Intercultural Communication 6. Interpersonal Communication 7.Language and Symbolic Codes 8.Mass Communication 9. Organizational Communication 10. Public Communication |
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Process of Scientific research
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1. Identify a problem
2. review relevant literature/theory 3. Develop a hypothesis 4. Select appropriate methods and measures 5. Collect Data 6.Analyze and interpret data 7.Verify/disconfirm hypothesis |
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Characteristics of Scientific Research
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1. Question/ problem oriented
2. Cumulative 3.Systematic 4. Public 5. Self-Critical |
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Steps of Searching
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1. Select, narrow and adjust topic
2. identify sources needed 3. select appropriate dadabases 4. Decide what type of search to do 5. Formulate search 6. examine the results and modify search 7. evaluate and summarize information 8. read materials thoroughly 9. systematicaly document everything 10. decide when to stop |
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General Sources
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1. Scholarly handbooks
2. Encyclopedias 3. Textbooks 4. Annual reviews |
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Scholarly handbooks
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Summary about past research about a field of study presented in an easily understandable manner
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Encyclopedias
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Comprehensive compilation of information arranged alphabetically by topic in short essays
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Textbooks
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An overview and explanation of one or more topic areas
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Annual reviews
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Yearly summaries about current scholarly research
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Periodical indexes
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Provide access to specific articles in journals, magazines and newspapers
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Scholarly vs. Non-Scholarly
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Purpose
Author Audience acceptance procedure (who decides) references |
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Blind peer review process
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The experts do not know the authors of the article which they review, and the authors do not know who review their article.
Academic journal = Peer-reviewed journal |
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Primary Vs Secondary Reports
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Primary-scholarly books and journal articles
Secondary sources-ones that summarize previously reported research or contain opinion essays |
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To narrow search use....
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AND, NOT
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To broaden search use....
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OR
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Boolean Operators
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Special terms that allow searches to connect or combine words and concepts
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Nesting
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Using parentheses to group the terms how you want them to appear in the search
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Access Tools
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bibliographies
guides indexes |
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evaluation criteria
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•Some information vs. best information
•Author’s Authority –who is responsible? •Publisher’s Authority –are they credible? •Objectivity –purpose of web? •Accuracy –any facts? •Currency –was it updated? |
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Message Oriented research
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looks at communication messages and the underlying values associated with messages
archival/documentary and textual |
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People oriented research
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looks at human behavior, attitudes and opinions rather than the text, content or context
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Meta-analysis
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analyzing published studies to examine trends in the literature or in the results of research studies
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Content analysis
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procedure that helps researchers identify themes and relevant issues often contained in media messages
look at characteristics of communication messages |
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Survey research
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seek to describe or explain peoples current attitudes, opinions thoughts and reports of behavior
effective way of gathering data from large groups of people |
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Two types of research
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descriptive and explanatory
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plagiarism
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presenting another persons ideas as ones own
paraphrasing or summarizing another person work without acknowledgment |
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APA in text
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# of authors
# of sources |
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APA in the references
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-book
-chapter from an edited book -journal article -web source |
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Which section of the following we look at for…
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Summary-
Purpose- Measurement Theory Hypothesis Relevant articles |
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Reading Journal Articles-sections
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•ABSTRACT
•INTRODUCTION •LIETERATURE REVIEW •METHOD •RESULTS •DISCUSSON •REFERENCES |
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ABSTRACT
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summary of purpose methods and results
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Introduction
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stating the purpose
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Inside text APA citations
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last names and publication year, use 'and' and publication year in paretheses
Paik and Comstock (1994) examined the relationship b/t blah blah... If in parentheses: alph order and use '&' Some scholars blah blah... (Palik & Comstock. 1994:Vanman) If two or more studies by same author: more recent research etc etc in Anderson and Bushman's (2001,2002) etc .etc When quoting: Include pg #, in above formats The authors argued ...."quote" (Name one & name 2, 2002, p.35 |
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Citing books
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Last name, M. F. (year). Title of book in italics. City, state abbreviation: name of publisher
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Journal Article
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Last name, M.F. (year) Title.Subject in italics, volume issue #, page #s
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