Comm 130 Exam 3

Front 1

rhetorical devices

Back 1

verbal communication strategies designed to transform an otherwise bland presentation into one that is unique and inspiration

Front 2

keep it simple

Back 2

use simple clear concise language helps audiences focus on the cor issues of the speaker's argument

Front 3

limit use of jargon

Back 3

define the technical terms unique to a particular group or profession

Front 4

limit acronyms

Back 4

define these words formed from the first letters of each word in a name or phrase

Front 5

avoid phrases that don't say anything

Back 5

avoid using bloated speech that say nothing.

Front 6

pronounce words accurately

Back 6

misprounounced words can give feelings of lack of credibility in the audience.

Front 7

adapt to audience responses to accent or dialect

Back 7

dialect refers to different words or labels people use for the same phenomenon.

accent refers to the way words are pronounced.

to counter any negative audeince perceptions:

1. see if the audience understands the phrases used
2. clarify the meanings of the words you use
3. recognize and respect hte audience's unique dialect and accent and occasionally use one of the words or phrases unique to the co-culture

Front 8

appreciate efforts to speak english as a second language

Back 8

1. speak a little slower so audeince can adjust to slight differences in speech
2. use gestures and facial expressions
3. do not apologize for difficulties
4. use and translate any words from the primary language

Front 9

use imaginative imagery

Back 9

imagery involves use of carefully chosen words and phrases that appeal to the senses of touch, taste, sound, sight, and smell

Front 10

concrete images

Back 10

use of concrete language to arouse imagery can help audience attend to and perceive with greater accuracy than abstract messages

Front 11

similes

Back 11

create images through the use of direct and expressed analogy. uses words like "as" and "like".

ex: i was as tired as a dog

Front 12

metaphors

Back 12

develop a picture by implied analogy. comparing object to object.

ex: late bloomer, cant see the forest for the trees

Front 13

use intense, animated language

Back 13

makes presentation more gripping and appealing.

contributes to attitude and behavior change.

Front 14

grammatical voice

Back 14

the relationship between the subject of a sentence and the action of the verb

Front 15

passive voice

Back 15

subject receives the action

ex: the potato was eaten by brian

Front 16

active voice

Back 16

subject performs the action

ex: brian eats the potato

Front 17

avoid unnecessary qualifiers and use power words

Back 17

by eliminating qualifying phrases, speaker is perceived as stronger

Front 18

use bias-free language

Back 18

speakers must avoid reinforcing questionable attitudes and assumptions about people's ethnictiy, gender, or other co-cultural affiliation

Front 19

apply the principle of self definition

Back 19

use names or labels that the individuals listening to the speech choose for themselves

elderly for old people
alchoholic for drunk
pro choice for pro abortion

Front 20

don't mention group membership unnecessarily

Back 20

if co-cultural affiliation is irrelevant to your point, don't bring it up.

Front 21

give parallel treatment

Back 21

the speaker provide similar lables for comparable groups.

ex: man and woman are parallel. husband and wife are parallel. man and wife are not.

Front 22

be inclusive and avoid making unwrrented assumptions

Back 22

don't use wording that leaves out individuals or groups or treats them as other than equals.

ex: don't use statement like "Asia consists of China and Japan." this excludes nations such as Vietnam and Thailand

Front 23

don't use masculine terms as generics

Back 23

masculine pronounes should not be used as generic terms that refer to both women and men.

can do this by
1. using the plural "they"
2. using the second-person "you"
3. omit pronoun
4. pair the pronouns "he or she"
5. rephrase thes tatement.

Front 24

don't use feminine endings

Back 24

feminine endings such as "ess" and "ette" specify gender when its irrelevant, imply male is the norm, and carry the sense of smallness or cuteness.

Front 25

remember people are people first

Back 25

describing people by a particular characteristic may be inappropriate.

ex: AIDS victims, the deaf, the disabled

Front 26

watch for hidden bias

Back 26

a speaker can send a baised message even when biased terms are avoided

Front 27

verbal immediacy

Back 27

using words and gestures to convey and stimulate feelings of cloeness and inclusion. use first person pronouns such as "we and us"

Front 28

avoid profanity

Back 28

showing irreverence or contempt for something that others find sacred or meaningful

ex: using the f word in a sermon

Front 29

maintain rhythm and momentum

Back 29

rephrase and restate key phrases to build momentum and rhythm.

Front 30

use humor

Back 30

use funny, relevant short stories and jokes. helps establish rapport with the audience.

Front 31

create sound bites

Back 31

sound bites are brief passages taken from a press release or presentation to be reprinted or taped for later news report

Front 32

nonverbal emblems

Back 32

gestures that have direct verbal translations that are wiedly understood.

ex: thumbs up as in "approval"

Front 33

nonverbal adaptors

Back 33

unintentional body movments used to reduce stress or relieve boredom

ex: pulling hair, playing with something in pocket

Front 34

nonverbal illustrators

Back 34

hand and arm movements that demonstrate and reinforce the meanings intended by verbal messages

ex: spreading hands apart to show length of a fish that you caught

Front 35

look at your audience

Back 35

eye contact acts as a powerful stimulus for elicting audience involvement. more likely the audeince will stay interested and attentive. eye contact obligates audience members to do something in return

Front 36

keep audience interested

Back 36

overall body movement is way a speaker can make a difference in how attentive or bored appears.

-confident and purposeful stride
-leaning into podium stresses important point
-direct, face to face body posture suggests active interaction and sense of inclusion or belonging to group

Front 37

monotone

Back 37

voice that never varies in rate volume or pitch

Front 38

pitch

Back 38

how high or low a voice sounds

Front 39

vary speech rate

Back 39

alternate talking fast and slow

Front 40

charts

Back 40

display info in either a tabular or diagrammatic format.

Front 41

graphs

Back 41

a pictorial device used to illustrate quantitative relationships

Front 42

line graph

Back 42

a diagram that shows the relationship of how one varaible changes with respect to the other.

Front 43

fever graph

Back 43

show how the numerical value of something changes over time.

Front 44

bar graph

Back 44

displays quantities or values of data in a series of bars that correspond in height or length to the quantities represented.

not well suited for illustrating change over long period of time. more appropriate for showing differences in sets of data at one time or over s hort time span.

Front 45

pie graphs

Back 45

show the division of someething into component parts - percentages or proportions of the whole.

Front 46

tables

Back 46

orderly arrangement of numbers, words, or symbols in rows and columns.

tables place statistics and other information into columns or a diagram.