Comlex Review

Front 1

Deficiency of enzyme that is associated with fructose intolerance

Back 1

aldose B

Front 2

Treatment of fructose intolerance

Back 2

removal of sucrose, fructose and sorbitol from the diet

Front 3

Characterized by parathyroid tumors, pituitary tumors and pancreatic tumors

Back 3

MEN 1

Front 4

Characterized by hamartomes in the cortices and retinas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, seizures, mental retardation, facial angiofibromas and hypomelanotic macules (ash leaf spots)

Back 4

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 5

Effect of tissue catabolism

Back 5

increase in amino acid breakdown, leading to a larger amount of urea, which leads to increased BUN

Front 6

MOA for vancomycin

Back 6

bind the D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan thus preventing elongation of the chain in the cell wall synthesis

Front 7

Drugs that may cause cutaneous flushing

Back 7

Vancomycin, naicin, Ca++ channel blockers, and adenosine

Front 8

N&V, fever, watery diarrhea around 24 hours after eating undercooked oysters- TOW?

Back 8

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Front 9

Staghorn calculi most commonly contain

Back 9

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Front 10

Low molecular weight heparin works by binding antithrombin III which inactivates

Back 10

factor Xa

Front 11

syndrome is characterized by antibody binding to the pre-synaptic membrane and weakness that is relieved by repeated muscle stimulation

Back 11

Lambert-Eaton syndrome

Front 12

B-hCG is secreted by the _____ of the placenta

Back 12

syncytiotrophoblast

Front 13

Antibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor are found. Megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils due to vitamin B12 deficiency is characteristic

Back 13

Pernicious anemia

Front 14

Mech. of action for Cyclosporine-

Back 14

binds to cyclophilins inhibiting Calcineurin

Front 15

The extended spectrum penicillin’s, including ticarcillin, are susceptible to

Back 15

B-lactamase

Front 16

a hereditary hyperbilirubinemia that has no clinical consequences

Back 16

Gilbert’s syndrome

Front 17

an immature defense mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder. People are seen as all good or all bad and can change back and forth very fast

Back 17

Splitting

Front 18

a dehydrofolate reductase that is a first line treatment for small nonruptured ectopic pregnancy

Back 18

Methotrexate

Front 19

mainly responsible for producing the glomerular basement membrane

Back 19

Podocytes

Front 20

The most common sight for Meckel’s diverticulum is______. Bleeding is the most common presentation in children

Back 20

2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve in the right lower quadrant

Front 21

Homocystinuria is a rare genetic disease caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency. Both Homocysteine and methionine will be elevated. Elevated Homocysteine levels increase risk for

Back 21

thromboebolic events

Front 22

Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is most commonly caused by

Back 22

parainfluenza virus

Front 23

This test is used to diagnose the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. First radioactive vitamin B12 is given orally, followed by intramuscular injection of non-radioactive B12. A normal person excretes radioactive B12. If excreted levels are low there is defective GI absorption of B12

Back 23

Schillings test

Front 24

the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. Nephrotic syndrome presents with hypoalbuminia, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and generalized edema. Tx: corticosteroids

Back 24

Minimal change disease

Front 25

primary hyperaldosteronism caused by an aldosterone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. Patients usually have hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and low rennin levels

Back 25

Conn syndrome

Front 26

associated with bilateral hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands due to meningococcal septicemia

Back 26

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Front 27

Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic heart disorder consisting of four heart defects

Back 27

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, R vent. hypertrophy, and overriding aorta

Front 28

Drug that can promote the release of factor 8 which could be helpful in mild cases of hemophilia A

Back 28

Desmopressin

Front 29

the most common cause of bloody diarrhea and the most common cause of Guillian-Barre syndrome. GBS presents as ascending weakness

Back 29

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 30

Primary biliary cirrhosis is autoimmune and classically presents in 40 y/o women. In males TOW

Back 30

Primary sclerosing cholangitis normally presents in 40-50 y/o males

Front 31

In Pulmonary embolism, what will be elevated indicating a hypercoagulable state

Back 31

Fibrin degradation products

Front 32

Wheezing after the ingestion of aspirin is due to

Back 32

inhibition of COX which increases leukotriene synthesis and results in bronchoconstriction

Front 33

It encodes the frataxin gene and causes defects in mitochondrial function. The patient presents with stumbling, kyphoscoliosis, “hammer toes” pes cavus, dysarthria, and nystagmus

Back 33

Friedreich ataxia

Front 34

Friedreich ataxia is an AR trinucleotide repeat of

Back 34

GAA

Front 35

Huntington’s –

Back 35

CAG repeat

Front 36

Fragile X Syndrome-

Back 36

CGG repeats

Front 37

Myotonic dystrophy-

Back 37

CTG repeats

Front 38

Kartagener’s syndrome-

Back 38

situs inversus totalis

Front 39

Gallstones are a common complication of

Back 39

Crohn’s disease

Front 40

Fabry’s disease is an x-linked lysosomal storage disease that results from a deficiency in______. It is a major disease of heart and kidneys

Back 40

alpha-galactosidase

Front 41

AR- lysosomal storage disease from a deficiency in alpha-glucosidase that results in cerebrosides. It presents with hepatosplenomegaly, mental retardation, and skeletal deformities

Back 41

Gaucher’s disease

Front 42

AR- lysosomal storage disease from a deficiency in beta-galactosidase that results in cerebrosides. It is more severe than Gaucher’s and is fatal early in life because of almost complete absence of sphingomyelin

Back 42

Krabbe’s disease-

Front 43

lysosomal storage disease with deficiency of sphingomylinase enzyme. It presents with MR and death by 2-3 years of age, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, cherry spots on macula

Back 43

Niemann-Pick disease-

Front 44

lysosomal storage disease associated with sphingolipdosis. There is a deficiency in the enzyme beta-hexosaminidase with an accumulation of gangliosides. The patient is normal until 5 months old and will die at 5 years old. Cherry red spots on the macula are seen

Back 44

Tay-Sachs-

Front 45

Brain tumors that are found mostly in adults and are characterized by densely packed cells in sheets with no distinct cytoplasmic borders, Psammoma bodies, or whorled calcifications are present throughout

Back 45

Meningiomas

Front 46

highly malignant brain tumor in children- contain sheets of small basophilic cells

Back 46

Medullobastomas-

Front 47

Brain tumor that contains cells with round nuclei and clear cytoplasm- “fried egg”

Back 47

Oligodendroglioma

Front 48

Brian tumors that are cystic masses filled with cholesterol crystals and viscous fluid

Back 48

Craniopharygliomas

Front 49

Brain tumor that consist of pseudopalisading, pleomorphic cell that border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage

Back 49

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 50

A cell with esinophilic cytoplasm, keratin pearls and intercellular bridges is the description for

Back 50

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 51

causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis

Back 51

Aspirin overdose, end-stage renal failure, lactic acidosis, and DKA

Front 52

Diseases that must be reported to the CDC include

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HIV, AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, measles, mumps, cryptosporidiosis, Lyme disease, TB, tetanus, diphtheria, rubella, pertussis, cholera, varicella, salmonella, shigella, and coccidiomycosis

Front 53

presents like schizophrenia but last only 1-6 months

Back 53

Schizophreniform disorder

Front 54

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

Back 54

diabetic nephropathy

Front 55

In type II diabetes, amyloid deposits develop on the

Back 55

pancreas but not the kidney

Front 56

the best ways to prevent kidney stones

Back 56

A low sodium diet and hydration

Front 57

most commonly presents in men over the age of 60 with lymphadenopathy and unexplained elevated white cell count

Back 57

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Front 58

has low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and the peripheral smear shows excess grandulocytes

Back 58

CML

Front 59

associated with auto immune hemolytic anemia which is characterized by spherocytes, elevated reticulocytes and a positive Coombs test

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CLL

Front 60

Breast feeding does not provide sufficient______ levels to infants

Back 60

vitamin D

Front 61

Muscarinic-3 and Cholecystokinin receptors activate

Back 61

Gq coupled proteins

Front 62

Histamine-2 receptor activates

Back 62

Gs protein subunit, stimulating adenyl cyclase

Front 63

Somatostatin and Prostaglandin receptors activate

Back 63

Gi subunit protein inhibiting adenyl cyclase and thereby decreasing the concentration of cAMP leading to the decreased secretion of hydrogen ions into the lumen of the GI system

Front 64

a glycogen storage disease characterized by the deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. With this enzyme deficiency, glycogenolysis cannot occur properly. Patients present with exercise intolerance, myalgia, early fatigue, muscle cramps, and potential rhabdomyolysis

Back 64

McArdle disease

Front 65

a Glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, patients present with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, and growth failure

Back 65

Von Gierke disease

Front 66

deficient in Pompe disease, usually resulting in death at an early age

Back 66

Acid maltase

Front 67

Liver glycogen phosphorylase is deficient in

Back 67

Hers disease

Front 68

liver biopsy of Reye syndrome is characterized by

Back 68

reversible fatty changes

Front 69

the deficient enzyme in Niemann-Pick disease

Back 69

Sphingomyelinase

Front 70

Tay-Saches disease is caused by a deficiency of

Back 70

hexosaminidase A. Absence of this key enzyme leads to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside within the central nervous system

Front 71

Gaucher disease is a deficiency of

Back 71

B-glucocerebrosidase

Front 72

the deficient enzyme in Fabry disease

Back 72

Alpha-galactosidase A

Front 73

Emphysema is characterized by

Back 73

increased lung compliance and decreased elasticity

Front 74

a hypertrophic, protein-losing gastropathy often associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and edema

Back 74

Menetrier disease

Front 75

The V/Q ratio is normally higher at the apex compared to the base of the lungs. A high ratio is consistent with a ______ ______ and a low ratio is consistent with airway ______

Back 75

pulmonary embolism and a low ratio is consistent with airway obstruction

Front 76

presents in adulthood as enlarged bones with lytic and sclerotic lesions. Defective bone remodeling is the cause

Back 76

Paget disease of the bone

Front 77

In drugs that follow first order kinetics, steady state is achieved in

Back 77

4 to 5 half lives

Front 78

diagnosed by a negative NBT staining test. This disease is caused by a defect in NADPH oxidase which impairs oxygen dependent microbial killing in phagocytes

Back 78

Chronic granulomatous disease

Front 79

the tumor marker in over 80% of women with ovarian cancer

Back 79

CA-125

Front 80

elevated in 71-93% of pancreatic cancers

Back 80

CA 19-9

Front 81

IL secreted by macrophages and is a pyrogen. It also stimulates T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and epithelelial cells for growth and differentiation

Back 81

IL-1

Front 82

IL secreted by helper T-cells to activate macrophages and CD8 T-cells

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IL-2

Front 83

IL secreted by T-cells to support bone marrow cells

Back 83

IL-3

Front 84

IL production of Th2 cells

Back 84

IL-4

Front 85

IL production of antibodies by B-cells

Back 85

IL-5

Front 86

IL that is the primary chemotactic factor for neutrophils

Back 86

IL-8

Front 87

Drug pregnancy category A

Back 87

safe from human studies

Front 88

Drug pregnancy category B

Back 88

animal studies say safe

Front 89

Drug pregnancy category C

Back 89

no studies therefore use when benefits outweigh risk

Front 90

Drug pregnancy category D

Back 90

adverse effects but benefits may outweigh risk

Front 91

Drug pregnancy category X

Back 91

Don't even think of using

Front 92

"spike and dome" appearance of basement membrane

Back 92

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 93

IgA nephropathy

Back 93

Berger's disease

Front 94

Wegener's granulomatosis

Back 94

c-ANCA

Front 95

empty looking nuclei (orphan Annie's eyes) and psammoma bodies; most common thyroid cancer

Back 95

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Front 96

thyroid cancer related to dietary iodine deficiency, small cells filled with colloid

Back 96

Follicular thyroid carcinoma

Front 97

neuroendocrine tumor of the C cells that secrete calcitonin; MEN2A and MEN2B

Back 97

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Front 98

the most common cancer to metastasize to the thyroid gland

Back 98

Renal cell

Front 99

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Back 99

"train track" appearance

Front 100

Egg based vaccines

Back 100

influenza, MMR, and yellow fever

Front 101

Marker to track melanoma

Back 101

Serial S-100

Front 102

tumor marker for colorectal cancer

Back 102

CEA

Front 103

Oligoclonal bands in the CSF are diagnostic for

Back 103

multiple sclerosis

Front 104

Antibody associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Back 104

Antimicrosomal

Front 105

Antibody associated with scleroderma and more commonly with CREST syndrome

Back 105

Anticentromere

Front 106

Antibody associated with primary biliary cirrhosis

Back 106

Antimitochondrial

Front 107

Antibody associated with mixed connective tissue disease

Back 107

Antiribonucleoprotein a.k.a. anti-U1 RNP

Front 108

Antibody associated with Celiac disease

Back 108

Antiendomysial