Comlex Omt Review Cranial

Front 1

Rate of Cranial Rhythmic Impulse

Back 1

10 - 14 cycles per minute

Front 2

Decreases rate and quality of CRI

Back 2

1. Stress (emotional, physical)
2. Depression
3. Chronic fatigue
4. Chronic infections
5. Compression strain of the SBS, usually from trauma to back of head

Front 3

Increases rate and quality of CRI

Back 3

1. Vigorous physical exercise
2. Systemic fever
3. Following OMT to the craniosacral mechanism

Front 4

Dural attachments

Back 4

Foramen magnum, C2, C3, and S2

Front 5

Meninges 3 membrane layers

Back 5

1. Dura mater (outer most membrane)
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

Front 6

What meninges layer forms the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?

Back 6

Dura mater

Front 7

What are the midline bones of the cranium?

Back 7

sphenoid, occiput, ethmoid, and vomer

Front 8

What is another name for sacral extension?

Back 8

counternutation

Front 9

Flexion at the SBS causes the dura to be pulled in which direction?
The sacral base moves in what direction?

Back 9

Dura moves cephalad
Sacral base counternutates

Front 10

What does cranial flexion do to anteriorposterior diameter of the head?

Back 10

Decreases the AP diameter

Front 11

During Cranial extension, the paired bones of the cranium moves which way? External rotation or internal rotation?

Back 11

internal rotation

Front 12

During cranial extension, which way does the dura go? Cephalad or Caudad

Back 12

Caudad

Front 13

Which way does the sacral base move during cranial extension?

Back 13

Nutates: sacral flexion

Front 14

What happens to the head's AP diameter during cranial extension?

Back 14

Increases AP diameter

Front 15

Describe how cranial torsion is named to get Right Torsion or Left Torsion

Back 15

named for the greater wing of the sphenoid that is more superior.
(i.e. left torsion has the left greater wing superior to the right.

occiput and posterior cranium rotate in the opposite direction

Front 16

Describe how cranial sidebend/rotation strain is named to be SBR.l or SBRr

Back 16

Naming of left or right is based on which way the sphenobasilar synchondrosis is deviated. When deviated right, will see wider opening of SBS on the right. Right side of sphenoid will become inferior. Occiput will rotate in the same direction (right in this example)

Front 17

Which cranial strains are physiologic?
These do not interfere with flexion or extension of craniosacral motion

Back 17

1.,2. Flexion and Extension but only if it does not interfere with flexion or extension motion
3.,4.Right and Left Torsion
5.,6. SBR left and SBR right

Front 18

How is vertical strain of the SBS named?

Back 18

Superior vertical strain means the sphenoid deviates cephalad compared to the occiput.

Inferior vertical strain means the sphenoid is caudad compared to the occiput.

Front 19

Which strain makes the cranium feel like a parallelogram?

Back 19

Lateral strain

Front 20

How might one get a cranial lateral strain?

Back 20

Get hit on the side of the head in the front.

Front 21

How is lateral strain named?

Back 21

sphenoid will deviate left or right in comparison to the occiput.

Front 22

Decribe the location of the sphenoid and occiput in a compression strain

Back 22

sphenoid and occiput are pushed together.

Front 23

Mechanism of getting a compression strain

Back 23

hit in the back of the head.

Front 24

Where does CN1 exit the cranium?
Symptoms associated with dysfunction?

Back 24

cribiform platre

Hint 24

Altered sense of smell

Front 25

Where does Cranial nerve 2 exit the cranium
Symptoms associated with dysfunction?

Back 25

optic canal

Hint 25

Visual changes

Front 26

Where does cranial nerve 3 exit the cranium?

Symptoms associated with dysfunction

Back 26

superior orbital fissure

Hint 26

Diplopia, ptosis, or accomodation problems

Front 27

Where does cranial nerve 4 exit the cranium ?
Associated symptoms if dysfunction

Back 27

superior orbital fissure

Hint 27

Diplopia

Front 28

Where does cranial nerve 5 branch V1 exit the cranium?

Symptoms of dysfunction

Back 28

superior orbital fissure

Hint 28

Decreased sensation to the eyelid and scalp

Front 29

Where does cranial nerve 5 branch V2 exit the cranium?

Symptoms of dysfunction?

Back 29

Foramen rotundum

Hint 29

Tic Douloureux (Trigeminal neuralgia)

Front 30

Where does cranial nerve 5 branch V3 exit the cranium

Symptoms associated with dysfunction

Back 30

Foramen ovalie

Hint 30

Decreased sensation to the mandible.

Front 31

Where does cranial nerve 6 exit the cranium?

symptoms associated with dysfunction

Back 31

superior orbital fissure

Hint 31

diplopia and estropia

Front 32

Where does cranial nerve 7 exit the cranium?

Symptoms associated with dysfunction

Back 32

enters internal acoustic meatus and exits the sylomastoid foramen

Hint 32

Bell's palsy

Front 33

Where does cranial nerve 8 exit

Symptoms associated with dysfunction?

Back 33

internal acoustic meatus

Hint 33

Tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss

Front 34

What two nerves exit the cranium via jugular foramen?

Back 34

CN 9 and 10

Symptoms of dysfunction of CN10?

Hint 34

Headache, arrhythmias, GI upset, respiratory problems

Front 35

Where does CN 11 exit the cranium?
Symptom associated with dysfunction?

Back 35

Spinal division C1-C6 enters foramen magnum joins with the cranial division and exits the jugular foramen

Hint 35

Tenderness in the sternocleidomastoid or trapezius

Front 36

Where does CN12 exit the cranium?
Symptom associated with dysfunction?

Back 36

Hypoglossal canal

Hint 36

Dysphagia

Front 37

What CN dysfunction can result in poor suckling in the newborn?

Back 37

CN12 occipital condylar compression.
Dysfunctions of CN 9 and 10 at the jugular foramen can also cause suckling dysfunctions.

Front 38

What can cause vagal somatic dysfunction?

Back 38

OA, AA and/or C2 dysfunction

Front 39

What OMT treatment will help a baby that has dysfunction of CN12 leading to poor swallowing and dysphagia?

Back 39

condylar decompression.

Front 40

What cranial technique is useful for sutural dysfunction espeically over a discretely tender area?

Back 40

V-Spread technique

Front 41

What happens to the CRI in compression cranial strain pattern?

Back 41

severely decreased sometimes absent CRI

Front 42

what is a contraindication for cranial treatment?

Back 42

papilledema as this is a sign for elevated intracranial pressure which is a contraindication for cranial treatment.

Front 43

what axis does the sacrum rotate during pulmonary respiration and the cranial rhythmic impulse ?

Back 43

sacrum rotates about its superior transverse axis

Front 44

What is the best treatment to raise the CRI?

Back 44

CV4 technique

Front 45

what treatment works well for headaches?

Back 45

suboccipital release

Front 46

What osteopathic technique helps restore optimal intracranial blood flow and is commonly used for sinus headaches?

Back 46

the venous sinus technique

Front 47

what cranial technique is used to facilitate movement of the sutures of the skull?

Back 47

V spread technique