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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Iron Curtain
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USSR policy of cutting off all cultural, economic, and political ties w/ West
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Truman Doctrine
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1947, US policy stating that the US would help any gov't threatened by Comm.
caused US to send aid to Greece and Turkey after WWII |
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Marshall Plan
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a.k.a. European Recovery Program
post-war reconstruction program, rebuilt West's industry + economy, but USSR prevented Eastern bloc from taking part |
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Berlin Blockade/Airlift
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1948-1949, USSR blocked off West Berlin, Allies peacefully broke blockade by air-dropping supplies
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Federal Repubic of Germany
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Br. + Fr. + US sectors of Germ. became West Germany, had better standards of living/economy than East
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German Democratic Republic
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Soviet sector became East Berlin, had lower standard of living than West
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Berlin Wall
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built 1969 to separate East from West Berlin, where East Germans had been escaping by the thousands
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
US + West military, political, economic alliance |
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NSC-68
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US policy after WWII to expand its military systems
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Warsaw Pact
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1955, USSR responds to NATO by making military alliance of Eastern Bloc of Comm. states
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UN
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established June 1945, internat'l body to maintain peace
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Permanent 5
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US, UK, Fr., China + Russia
only 5 members in UN with veto power |
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38th Parallel
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line along which North (Comm.) was divided from South (Western) Korea
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Korean War
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1950-1953, N. Korea invaded South
UN forces led by US helped South fight back North (backed by China + USSR) |
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de-Stalinization Speech
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1956, Khrushchev, who replaced Stalin, gave speech denouncing crimes and mistakes comitted by predecessor
inspired uprisings throughout bloc, set precedent for moderate reforms |
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Stalin
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continued to rule post-war USSR until death in 1953
used fourth five-year plan to achieve military parity w/ US collectivzed farms persecuted Crimean Tartars, almost persecuted Jews |
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Truman
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US president 1945-1949
pursued US policy of containment, limit spread of Comm. |
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Khrushchev
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replaced Stalin after his death
incentivized peasants to farm in "Virgin lands," but failed to improve agriculture pursued de-stalinization, improving living standards, agreed to avoid nuclear war w/ US allowed relations w/ China to worsen |
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Eisenhower
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US president 1953-1961
expanded US nuclear stockpile |
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Kennedy
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US president 1961-1963
worked w/ Khrushchev to avert nuclear war during Cuban Missile Crisis |
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Castro
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1959, Cuban revolutionary, overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista
increased ties w/ USSR, allowed them to place short-range nuclear weapons in Cuba |
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Brezhnev
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replaced Khrushchev after disgrace of Cuban Missile Crisis
pursued peace by matching US military capabilities, maintaining MAD pursued policy of maintaining Comm. throughout bloc agriclture + civilian economy continued to fail |
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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US president 1963-1969
started Vietnam War |
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Nixon
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US president 1969-1974
pursued closer relations w/ China after Mao died |
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Ford
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US president 1974-1977
signed Helsinki Accords, recognizing official post-war European boundaries |
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Carter
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US president 1977-1981
facilitated Camp David Accords between Anwar El-Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel |
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Reagan
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US president 1981-1989
oversaw end of Cold War |
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Sputnik
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1957, USSR launched first sattelite
gave USSR potential edge over US for a few years |
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ICBM
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a.k.a. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
added new dimension to Cold War, long-range missile capabilities |
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Bay of Pigs
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1961, US attempted to land CIA-trained Cuban exiles i Cuba to overthrow Castro
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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1962, closest Cold War ever got to nuclear war
USSR stationed short-range nuclear weapons in Cuba, led to standoff Khrushchev flinched, took missiles back in exchange for US taking missiles out of Turkey |
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Ho Chih Minh
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set up nat'list, pro-Comm. independence gov't in Vietnam
fought France, then US |
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17th Parallel
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boundary set up after French-Vietminh War, divided North Vietnam vs. South Vietnam
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SEATO
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a.k.a. Southeast Asian Treaty Organization
US promised to protect Cambodia, Laos + S. Vietnam from Comm. failed after Vietnam War |
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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South Vietnamese leader, supported by US but angered peasants by refusing to carry out land reforms and refusing to allow elections to unite Vietnam
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Gulf of Tonkin
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1964 US accused N. Vietnam of attacking US destroyers, used as excuse to invade N. Vietnam
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National Liberation Front
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a.k.a. Viet Cong, N. Vietnamese army openly fought S. Vietnam + US
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Vietnam War
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US army + S. Vietnam vs. Viet Cong (supported by China)
televised war, many US troops + Vietnamese civilians killed |
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Tet Offensive
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Viet Cong offensive, killed many US soldiers, causing anti-war protests in the US
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Paris Accord
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1973, ended Vietnam War w/ US pulling army out
the second the US left, Viet Cong advanced to take South |
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Khmer Rouge
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Comm. gov't under Pol Pot rose to power in Cambodia after US pulled out of Vietnam War
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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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1963, US + USSR agreed to stop testing new nuclear weapons, sign of new era of cooperation
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SALT I
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1972, Nixon + Brezhnev agreed to limit amount of ICBMs deployed
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SALT II
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1979, Ford + Brezhnev agreed to limit amount of MIRVs
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MIRVs
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Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles, made SALT I terms useless
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MAD
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a.k.a. Mutually Assured Destruction
US + USSR policy of maintaining balance of military capabilities between them in order to prevent war by ensuring that if war were to break out, both sides would be completely annihilated |
