Cogs 100 Quiz #4 Prep

Front 1

Emotion

Back 1

a relatively brief episode of coordinated brain + behavioral changes that that facilitate a response to an internal/external event of significance in the organism

Front 2

Feelings

Back 2

correspond to subjective experience of emotions the way you as an individual experience the emotion

Front 3

Mood

Back 3

diffuse affective states that are often lower intensity than an emotion but considerably longer in duration

Front 4

Characteristics of an emotion

Back 4

behavioral + psychological responses

evolved from basic mechanisms of survival

attached to an object or situation

Front 5

Characteristics of the affect

Back 5

free floating state, mood

Front 6

Positive Valence

Back 6

Attractiveness

Front 7

Negative Valence

Back 7

Aversiveness

Front 8

James-Lange Theory [1884-1994]

Back 8

Event produces arousal + the psychological changes are then interpreted to produce the emotion

Front 9

Cannon-Bard Theory [1927]

Back 9

Triggers emotion + arousal, but arousal does not have to come first

Front 10

Cognitive Theory of Emotion

Back 10

It is the event and the arousal, not just the arousal

Front 11

Emergence-Synthesis Theory

Back 11

Some emotions do not require interpretation while others do, so both are allowable

Front 12

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Back 12

When people engage in communication, their primary goal is a reduction in certainty regarding the person or situation

Front 13

Classical View

Back 13

Emotions get in the way of reason

Front 14

Romantic View

Back 14

Emotions are better than reason

Front 15

Flashbulb Memory

Back 15

Involves better recall for personal events during a significant emergency situations

Front 16

Negative Stimuli

Back 16

Remembered better than positive or neutral stimuli + are more arousing stimuli (whether positive or negative) are remembered better

3 reasons for this:

1. Greater attention

2. Greater distinctiveness

3. Thinking about them more

Front 17

Mood Congruent Memory

Back 17

We remember more stimuli if those stimuli match a mood we were in while learning them (Stimuli matches the mood)

Front 18

Mood Dependent Memory

Back 18

Recall is better when the mood at recall matched that during learning (The moods match)

Front 19

The Amygdala

Back 19

Part of the limbic system, responsible for classical conditioning of a fear response

Front 20

The Low Road

Back 20

Shorter neural circuit to the amygdala mediates faster emergency responses

Front 21

The High Road

Back 21

Longer neural circuit to the amygdala mediates more thoughtful responses

Front 22

Neurotransmitters

Back 22

Traveling between nerve cells; activating the amygdala and hippocampus

Front 23

Mentalism

Back 23

People use mental representations for social phenomena (How people think about people)

Front 24

Functionalism

Back 24

Social cognitive processing serves a purpose (Explores the settings, goals, and activities of social cognition)

Front 25

Change

Back 25

Mental representations and cognitive processes develop, operate, and change over time

Front 26

Internal Attribution

Back 26

What's going on in yours or other people's heads

Front 27

External Attribution

Back 27

Blame the environment impacting everything

Front 28

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 28

The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional [personality] traits as the best explanation for people's behaviour

Front 29

Self-serving bias

Back 29

The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people's failures as internal ones

Front 30

Belief in a just world

Back 30

The phenomenon in which we think that people get what they deserve

Front 31

Stereotypes

Back 31

Deal with our "schemas about people"

Also helps us organize/understand them

Front 32

Ingroup favoritism

Back 32

[views their own group as] Having more diversity, being more attractive, nice, and socially acceptable

Front 33

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

Back 33

[others are seen as having] More similarity

Front 34

Prejudice

Back 34

[...] prejudgment about a group, person, thought (about a person/group) + a predisposition to act upon a prejudgment

Also involves emotions associated with a person/group

Front 35

Ontology

Back 35

Study of being

Distributed:

1. Across Groups

2. Over inner/outer processes

3. Culture can organize cognition

Front 36

Functional Aspect

Back 36

We attend from particulars to wholes

Front 37

Phenomenal Aspect

Back 37

We are aware of the particulars in the appearance of the wholes

Front 38

Semantic aspect

Back 38

The particulars become meaningful by their relation to the whole (signal)

Front 39

Ontological aspect

Back 39

What the tacit knowing is a knowledge of

Front 40

Joint Salience

Back 40

The ideal solution to a coordinationproblem among two or more agents isthe solution that is more salient,prominent, or conspicuous with respectto their common ground

Front 41

Shared Tacit Knowledge

Back 41

Many of the processes involved in[for example, learning a musical instrument] are tacit