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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Introduction |
- Explain that rising global temperatures is one of the many consequences of climate change. . - Define climate change.A change in gloabal or regional weather patterens. The earths climate has constantly been changing over the pattern of its existence, however, scientists are alamred at and concerned by the rate at which the climate is changing. A change in gloabal or regional weather patterens. The earths climate has constantly been changing over the pattern of its existence, however, scientists are alamred at and concerned by the rate at which the climate is changing. - Dramatic acceleration in the Earth's climate has been has beeb apparent since the mid to late 20th century onwards. - The main cause of this acceleration is believed to be the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. - It comes at a suprise to mist people that the 'industry' sector isnt the biggest contributor to the total global CO2 emissions, however, it is responsible for 21% which is a large protion = cause for concern and reform. - Governments and businesses have began and are beginning to realise the severity of the issue and its consequences. |
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How can businesses reduce emissions? |
Explain that this essay explores 3 ways that governments can reduce businesses emissions = preventing them from contributing further to climate change. |
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First approach. |
The command and control approach.
- Setting legislation commanding firms to adopt and employ new technologies that emit reduced levels of pollution.
- However has drawbacks even though its pertinent and simple.
- different firms incur different costs whilst reducing their emissions - some might have a less polluting substitute that is easier to switch to for example.
- Firms that incur high costs might increase their prices = negative affect kn the consumption and economic growth. |
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2nd Approach. |
- Define pollution permits. - Explain that they can be sold and traded on the market. - Allows firms to sell leftover permits. - Might incentivise firms to decrease emissions so they can sell unused permits for profit. - Firms that incur high costs are willing to buy permits if cheaper than reducing emissions. - = ideal senario for everyone (government, businesses and consumers) as emissions decrease, profits increase and prices do not rise. - the nukber of permits are gradually decreased and therefore reduces the amount of pollution that an industry produces in the LR - without sabotaging prices and consumption. - Allows firms to adopt in somewhat their own time rather than being forced and increasing prices as a result. |
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Final approach. |
The carbon tax (double dividend effect) - Define carbon tax. A form of pollution tax that levies a fee on the production, distribution and the use of fossil fuels based on how much carbon they emit in combustion. - Disincentivises a firms involvement in fossil fuels and encourages the use of environmentally techniques and fuels. - As previously mentioned - increased costs for firms = higher prices for consumers. - However the gov can use tax revenue gained from tax to cut taxes elsewhere. - Mitigate abd offset the higher prices that firms set for consumers = more wealth. - Often associated with double dividend effect (one dividend from a carbon tax being a reduced climate change and the other being increased wealth creation). - Cutting taxes elsewhere and making consumers more wealthy as a result - will make it more real and relevant to them = get involved in the debate of climate change and put pressure on firms to change. |
