Circulation

Front 1

Blood

Back 1

Blood is a fluid connective tissue made up of two main components- plasma and blood corpuscles. An average adult human has a total of 5 to 6 litres of blood.

Front 2

Plasma

Back 2

Plasma is a slightly alkaline non-living intercellular pale yellow component of blood. Institutes about 55% of blood. About 9292 % of plasma is formed of water. The rest is made up of important solutes such as proteins nutrients excretory products inorganic salts gases hormones heparin etc.

Front 3

Red blood cells are also known as

Back 3

Erythrocytes

Front 4

White blood cells are also known as

Back 4

Leucocytes

Front 5

Platelets are also known as

Back 5

Thrombocytes

Front 6

Functions of blood

Back 6

Transportation of respiratory gases

Transportation of food materials

Transportation of hormones, excretory matter and salts

Maintaining body temperature (thermoregulation)

Defence against infection

Front 7

Why are the right and left sides of the heart separate?

Back 7

The separation of the right side and the left side of the heart is useful to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing. Success pareshan allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in animals that require high energy for example birds and mammals which constantly use energy to maintain the body temperature

Front 8

Animals with 3 chambered hearts

Back 8

Some animals do not use energy for the purpose of maintaining the body temperature. The body temperature depends upon the temperature of the environment. Such animals, like amphibians or many reptile have three chambered hearts and can tolerate some mixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Front 9

Animals with two chambered hearts

Back 9

Fish have only two chambers in their heart and the blood is pumped to the gills for oxygenation and passes directly to the rest of the body. The blood goes only once through the heart in the fish during one cycle of passage to the body and is called single circulation.

Front 10

Importance of double circulation

Back 10

Double circulation insurance quick and efficient supply of oxygenated blood to all body parts for meeting the higher energy needs and for thermoregulation of body in mammals and birds to stop it supplies the whole of oxygenated blood directly to lungs for quicker oxygenation. Double circulation is an improvement over single circulation as the heart pumps both the types of blood forceful it with the body. In ambience and reptiles, the double circulation is incomplete due to mixing of the blood. It is complete in birds and mammals.

Front 11

Function of platelets

Back 11

If if we are injured and start bleeding, loss of blood from the system has to be minimised. In addition, leakage would lead to a loss of pressure which would reduce the efficiency of the pumping system. To avoid this our blood has platelets which circulate around the body and clock these leaks by helping to clot the blood at these points of injury.