Hallucinogens

Front 1

What are 4 categories of hallucinogens?

Back 1

Cholinergic hallucinogens, serotonergic or 5-HT like hallucinogens, methylated amphetamines (aka noradrenergic hallucinogens), and other/miscellaneous

Front 2

What are some plant substance examples for cholinergic hallucinogens?

Back 2

Atropine, Scopolamine (and Hyoscyamine), Arecoline, and Ibotenic Acid

Front 3

Atropine can be extracted from which plant(s)?

Back 3

Atropa Belladonna, Dautra Stramonium, and Mandragora Officinarum

Front 4

Scopolamine & hyoscyamine can be extracted from which plant(s)?

Back 4

Dautra Stramonium, Mandragora Officinarum, and Henbane

Front 5

Arecoline can be extracted from which plant(s)?

Back 5

Areca Nut

Front 6

Ibotenic Acid can be extracted from which plant(s)?

Back 6

Amanita Muscaria and Ibogaine

Front 7

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 7

Atropa Belladonna, aka nightshade: Cholinergic Antagonist Hallucinogen

Front 8

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 8

Dautra Stramonium, aka jimsonweed: Cholinergic Antagonist Hallucinogen

Front 9

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 9

Mandragora Officinarum, aka mandrake: Cholinergic Antagonist Hallucinogen

Front 10

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 10

Henbane, aka hyoscyamus niger: Cholinergic Antagonist Hallucinogen

Front 11

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 11

Areca nut, aka betel nut: Cholinergic Agonist Hallucinogen

Front 12

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 12

Amanita Muscaria, aka fly agaric mushroom: Cholinergic Agonist Hallucinogen

Front 13

Name the plant, any alternative name of the plant, and if it is an agonist of antagonist.

Back 13

Ibogaine, no alternative name: Cholinergic Agonist Hallucinogen

Front 14

Which plant made a Viking a 'berserker'?

Back 14

Amanita Muscaria

Front 15

What does the cholinergic agonist hallucinogen do/activate?

Back 15

Stimulates primarily muscarinic cholinergic receptors which produces greater neural activity in the cholinergic nervous system which is a system critically involved with learning and memory.

Front 16

T/F: The fly agaric mushroom produces "agitated raving" and feeling of invincibility.

Back 16

True

Front 17

What are 2 main psychoactive extracts from the Amanita Muscaria mushroom? How are they disposed of?

Back 17

Ibotenic acid (which is metabolized to muscazone) and muscimole (doesn't metabolize into anything, jut excreted in urine). It is excreted in urine with a similar dose as the original one.

Front 18

What are some side effects of cholinergic activation induced by Amanita?

Back 18

Initialperiod of good humor and light euphoria (state of intense happiness) which leads to feelings of detachmentand unreality. Feelings ofincreased power, agitated raving, twitching and trembling of the limbs. Visions ofthe supernatural and illusions of grandeur including severalunpleasant physiological consequences. in addition, other side effects include markedlacrimation (tearing up), salivation and sweating, pinpoint pupils (can’t seein the dark), severe abdominal pains and painful diarrhea, coma, convulsions,and potentially death.

Front 19

Which drug was used as a warfare agent?

Back 19

Amanita Muscaria. Soldiers care kits in war zones to counteract the agent within a few seconds of attack.

Front 20

How would you consume Ibogaine?

Back 20

You chew the yellow roots of the plant

Front 21

What happens when a hunter consumes a low dose of ibotenic acid?

Back 21

Stimulantallows hunters to endure long treks and searches for food.

Front 22

How long do the effects of ibotenic acid last?

Back 22

Up to 30 hours

Front 23

T/F: Ibogaine was once sold inFrance in the 1960s as an over the counter medication for fatigue.

Back 23

True

Front 24

Which drug triggered repressed memories?

Back 24

Ibotenic acid. One of the effects includes the taker experiencing some mystical/meditative effects that triggers repressed memories.

Front 25

When a heroin addict takes ibogiane recreationally, how is the experience described as?

Back 25

Described as potentially healing; lead to the reputation of it curing heroin addiction

Front 26

What is a 'street cure'?

Back 26

Heroin addicts take ibogaine during treatment. No sufficient evidence that supports the claim but it is still used in modern treatment regardless.

Front 27

What is the DEA schedule classification of Ibogaine?

Back 27

Schedule IClassification: No currentlyaccepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Schedule I drugs are themost dangerous drugs of all the drug schedules with potentially severepsychological or physical dependence.

Front 28

What does the cholinergic antagonist hallucinogen do/activate?

Back 28

Blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors which produces deliriants/hallucinogens.

Front 29

Atropa Belladonna is what kind of plant and is known as what 2 things?

Back 29

Alkaloid plant known as deadly nightshade or love apples (because it was thought to be an aphrodisiac)

Front 30

The Atropa Belladonna plant is part of what family?

Back 30

Potato/tomato family

Front 31

When was atropine first isolated and from what plant?

Back 31

First isolated in 1830 from the Atropa Belladonna plant.

Front 32

T/F: The Atropa Belladonna was named 'Atropa' for Atropos, the Fate that sees the past.

Back 32

False. It was named after Atropos because this Fate cut the string of life. This is symbolism for poison.

Front 33

T/F: The Atropa Belladonna was named 'Belladonna' because the ancient use of the plant was women instilling the juice of the nightshade berries on their eyes to dilate pupils (direct correlation with beauty).

Back 33

True since belladonna is Italian for beauty.

Front 34

Was atropine ever used in sexual activities?

Back 34

Yes... yes it was.

Front 35

What are some physiological side effects induced by atropine?

Back 35

Rapid heartbeat, dilatedpupils, loss ofbalance and staggering, blurredvision, feelinglike one is suffocating, extremelydry throat, husky voice, flushing, palenessfollowed by a red rash, urineretention, constipation, pain, convulsionand uncontrollable body movements.

Front 36

What are some psychological side effects induced by atropine?

Back 36

Produces adream like state in which the user experiences pleasing hallucinations, vividand erotic dreams, and a sense of weightlessness. Upon awakening, the user may have some difficulty distinguishing reality from hallucination which cause amnesia.

Front 37

How was atropine linked to the witch hunt?

Back 37

Women thought the drug is an aphrodisiac so they would absorb the drug vaginally and feel so weightless that they would yell “I'm flying!” This was later used as empirical evidence of witchcraft.

Front 38

What would happen if you overdose on atropine?

Back 38

Your hallucinations would be terrifyingly traumatic and you would die.

Front 39

Other than jimsonweed, what else is Datura stramonium known as?

Back 39

Jamestow weed, thorn apple, loco weed, devil's weed, and stinkweed.

Front 40

T/F: Scopolamine and atropine are known for producing feelings of nausea and dizziness.

Back 40

False. Scopolamine and atropine are known for producing feelings of weightlessness and a sensation of flying.

Front 41

What other drug, other than atropine, was linked to witchcraft?

Back 41

Scopolamine which is an extract from Datura stramonium (as well as atropine).

Front 42

T/F: Datura is no longer used in modern day.

Back 42

False. Datura has been, and continues to be, used to fortify marijuana and opium preparations in the Far East and India. Cigarettes in these regions are made from leaves of Datura and Atropa which is smoked to produce an intoxicating effect which helped with asthma.

Front 43

What happens when you ingest low doses of Datura?

Back 43

It produces drowsiness and a dream like state with euphoria, a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. It also causes amnesia.

Front 44

What happens when you overdoses on Datura?

Back 44

It can produce more unpleasant hallucinations, delirium, and mental confusion.

Front 45

How many seeds from Jimsonweed would cause an overdose?

Back 45

10-20 produces a low-moderate dose. 50+ will cause an overdose that's fatal.

Front 46

Why is Jimsonweed also known as the 'devil's trumpet'?

Back 46

Because of the thorns covering the capsule/pod containing the seeds.

Front 47

T/F: The 2013 OSDUHS reports that over the past year, Jimsonweed abuse was reported to be 10%.

Back 47

False. The 2013 OSDUHS reports that over the past year, Jimsonweed abuse was reported to be 2%.

Front 48

What are the effects of Henbane?

Back 48

Effects are similar to other cholinergic antagonists.

Front 49

What can be extracted from Henbane?

Back 49

Scopolamine and hyoscyamine.

Front 50

What does 'mandrake' mean?

Back 50

It means 'potent male'.

Front 51

What can be extracted from Mandragora Officinarum?

Back 51

Atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine.

Front 52

T/F: Mandragora Officinarum is a member of the potato/tomato family.

Back 52

True.

Front 53

What does medieval lore say about mandrake?

Back 53

It is said that the plant grew wherever a hanged man's semen fell on the ground. Hence the term 'potent male'. The plant is named for the root because it looks like a person.

Front 54

What is a common myth about the mandrake?

Back 54

When the plant is uprooted, it shrieks and drives those that hear it mad (any HP fans?).

Front 55

What were some common uses of the mandrake?

Back 55

It was used in potions and as an aphrodisiac.

Front 56

What are the effects of the Mandragora Officinarum at low doses?

Back 56

It acts as a depressant and has been used as a sedative hypnotic type of drug.

Front 57

What are the effects of the Mandragora Officinarum at high doses?

Back 57

It produces hallucinations, delirium, and all the effects in cholinergic antagonists.

Front 58

What are some plant substance examples for serotonergic or 5-HT like hallucinogens?

Back 58

LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, DMT, lysergic acid amide, and bufotenine.

Front 59

When and by whom was LSD first synthesized?

Back 59

It was synthesized by Albert Hoffman in 1938 accidentally while studying derivatives of the ergot fungus for their vasoconstriction and uterus muscle toning abilities.

Front 60

Why is it known as LSD-25?

Back 60

Because the drug was synthesized on the 25th derivative of he ergot fungus.

Front 61

What is the chemical name for 5-HT?

Back 61

5-hydroxytryptamine

Front 62

What does 'LSD' stand for?

Back 62

Lysergic acid diethylamide

Front 63

What is the minimal psychoactive dose of LSD-25?

Back 63

About the size and weight of a grain of salt.

Front 64

T/F: Hoffman coined the term 'psychedelic' with hallucinogens.

Back 64

False. Dr. Humphrey Osmond, a British psychiatrist working in Canada, coined the term 'psychedelic' with these drugs.

Front 65

What are some of the side effects of LSD-25?

Back 65

Uncontrollable laughter, partial loss of memory of events while under influence of the drug, weightlessness that turns into "body is made out of lead" (no matter how hard you try, you cannot move), depersonalization, ego disintegration, synesthesia (seeing colors for sound), object trials (snapshots of a motion), time distortion (small periods last an eternity), form constants (close eyes= images of spirals, honeycombs, cobwebs, etc.), bad trips/panic attacks, and 'flashbacks',

Front 66

What is 'ego disintegration'?

Back 66

Difficulty distinguishing him/herself from the surroundings. This effect may be partially due to the analgesic effects of the drug. One user described the effects to as if their whole body had been injected with novocaine, and it was like touching your jaw at the dentist.

Front 67

How often do you get flashbacks while under the influence of LSD?

Back 67

You don't always get the flashbacks. Sometimes you get it weeks/months after consumption.

Front 68

What is 'HPPD'?

Back 68

HPPD is 'hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, a term used for more long lasting, distressing, recurring, and only slowly reversible psychedelic experiences occurring well after last drug use. prevalence is estimated to be about 4% of users.

Front 69

T/F: LSD is a drug that has fatal effects.

Back 69

False. LSD is fatal but not because of the effects. It is fatal because of what you do while under the influence.

Front 70

T/F: Tolerance can occur to all of the hallucinogenic effects of LSD.

Back 70

False. It can occur to most of the effects but not all.

Front 71

T/F: Cross-tolerance is possible for LSD.

Back 71

True.

Front 72

T/F: There is evidence that Henry Beecher (the guy who discovered the placebo theory) contributes to the development of tolerance and physical dependence to LSD.

Back 72

False. There is evidence that Pavlovian conditioning contributes to the development of tolerance to LSD. There is no evidence of physical dependence since there is no abstinence syndrome.

Front 73

T/F: Subsequent research suggests there is no an LSD model of schizophrenia.

Back 73

True. LSD is a visual drug and schizophrenia is auditory

Front 74

T/F: In schizophrenia, a true hallucination is predominantly auditory and experienced with eyes opened.

Back 74

True.

Front 75

T/F: LSD produces true schizophrenic hallucinations.

Back 75

False. LSD produces perceptual distortions that are largely visual (not auditory) which are experienced with eyes closed (as opposed to eyes open).

Front 76

Compare suggestibility & communication with LSD users and schizophrenic patients

Back 76

Individuals taking LSD = highly suggestible and communicative

Individuals with schizophrenia = resistant to suggestion and withdrawn

Front 77

What does researchsuggests about LSD?

Back 77

LSD suppresses firing of serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei by acting as an agonist at presynaptic 5-HT1 receptors which serve as a negative feedback regulatory function on serotonergic activity.

Front 78

What is the raphe nuclei?

Back 78

The raphe nuclei is part of what is called the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) which is involved in the filtering of sensory information.

Front 79

What was the hypothesis from the research about LSD?

Back 79

The hypothesis was that LSD interfered with this filtering leading to sensory distortions.

Front 80

What is the consensus about the effects produced by LSD?

Back 80

LSD produced it effects mainly via anagonistic action at post synaptic 5-HT2 receptors

Front 81

Is there any research/evidence that counteracts the hypothesis about LSD?

Back 81

Yes! Recent research suggests that the original mechanism of agonism at 5-HT1 suppressing rapheactivity is relevant.

Front 82

T/F: LysergicAcid Amide (LSA) is a less potent, synthesized form of hallucinogenrelated to LSD.

Back 82

False. LysergicAcid Amide is a less potent, but naturally occurring form of hallucinogenrelated to LSD.

Front 83

From which plant(s) can LSA be found in?

Back 83

LSA, aka ergine, can be found in ergot and sleepy grass

Front 84

Identify this plant.

Back 84

Sleepy Grass

Front 85

Identify this plant.

Back 85

Ergot (dark brown) on rye (golden).

Front 86

What is the 'Holyfire' or 'St. Antony's Fire'?

Back 86

This is a side effect of LSA that has been backed into bread made from infected grains. It is when there is a strong vasoconstriction which leads to a warm sensation, hence 'fire'. If the constriction lasts long enough, the affected limb will die and fall off.

Front 87

What is ergotism?

Back 87

It is a side effect of LSA; afflicted behaviour caused by ingestion of ergot.

Front 88

T/F: Outbreaksof ergotism have occurred constantly in modern times.

Back 88

False. Outbreaks occur occasionally.

Front 89

What is the general name for 4-phosphoryl-dimethyltrypamine?

Back 89

Psilocybin.

Front 90

What is psilocybin?

Back 90

It isa naturally occurring in a variety of mushrooms native to southern Mexico

Front 91

What compound can be isolated from psilocybin and from which plant?

Back 91

Tryptamine from many plants such as shrooms.

Front 92

What does the body break psilocybin down to, if it metabolizes it at all?

Back 92

Psilocin.

Front 93

T/F: Psilocin is less lipid soluble than psilocybin, which means that it is more likely to pass the blood brain barrier.

Back 93

False. Psilocin is more lipid soluble than psilocybin, which means that it is more likely to pass the blood brain barrier.

Front 94

T/F: Psilocin is more lipid soluble than psilocybin, which means that it is more likely to pass the blood brain barrier.

Back 94

True.

Front 95

How many mushrooms will it take to have an LSA effect? How long will it take for the effects to begin? How long will the effects last?

Back 95

Number of mushrooms to have an effect is 2-40, onset effects in about 30 mins,duration of 2-6 hours.

Front 96

What is DMT and where can it be found/extracted from?

Back 96

DMT is dimethyltryptamine and it can be found in Virola

Front 97

Identify this plant.

Back 97

Virola or Piptadenia Peregrina.

Front 98

Where does virola grow?

Back 98

Jungles of South and Central America where it is used by indigenous people.

Front 99

What is the 'Business Man's Psychedelic'?

Back 99

People took this drug during lunch hours, making it a drink that was ineffective because it was rapidly metabolized by monamine oxidase.

Front 100

Describe the effects of DMT.

Back 100

Rapid and short; onset is 10 sec post inhalation, peak effects in 10-15 minutes, and a duration of 60 minutes.

Front 101

T/F: DMT sometimes contained harmaline alkaloids which blocked the action of monamine oxidase which allowed the effects to occur when taken orally.

Back 101

True.

Front 102

What is/are the most common way/ways form people to take DMT?

Back 102

Inhalation and smoking, but can also be taken via injection.

Front 103

What was the name of the drink that indigenous people made using DMT?

Back 103

Ayahuasca.

Front 104

What is 5-hydroxy-DMT and where can it be found?

Back 104

Bufotenine which can be found in Piptadenia peregrina (a plant in Haiti and Venezuela), dream fish, and toads.

Front 105

What is the unique side effect of bufotenine?

Back 105

Cyanosis which is when the skinturns purplish blue.

Front 106

What is this symptom called?

Back 106

Cyanosis.

Front 107

T/F: There is a empirical evidence of seorotonergichallucinogens producing self-administration in either rodents or non-human primates.

Back 107

False. There is little evidence proving that the serotonergichallucinogens produce self-administration in either rodents or non-humanprimates.

Front 108

What are some plant substance examples for Methylated amphetamines (aka noradrenergic hallucinogens)?

Back 108

Mescaline and MDMA

Front 109

What is the name of this plant and are there any alternative names? What drug can be extracted from this plant? Describe the pH property of the drug.

Back 109

Peyote Cactus, aka Lophophora williamsii. It is an active alkaloid that contains mescaline.

Front 110

Which neurotransmitter do methylated amphetamines resemble?

Back 110

Norepinephrine

Front 111

Describe the effects of mescaline.

Back 111

Effect duration is 10 hours and peaks within 60 minutes of administration. Intoxication is characterized by seeing 'vibrant colours'

Front 112

T/F: Pastyear use around 20%. This represents a decline from 50% in the early 2000s.

Back 112

False. Past year use around 3%. This represents a decline from 20% in the early 2000s

Front 113

T/F: Thepropensity of mescaline to produce hallucinogenic properties is related tothe degree of agonist activity at 5-HT2 receptors.

Back 113

True.

Front 114

What does STP stand for?

Back 114

Serenity, tranquillity, andpeace or 'Super Terrific Psychedelic'

Front 115

Is DOM a naturally occurring drug or was it synthesized? Explain.

Back 115

DOMwas synthesized by 'Dow Chemical' in 1964 as a potential appetite suppressor.

Front 116

What is MDMA better known as?

Back 116

Ecstasy

Front 117

What does MDMA metabolize to? What is the street and chemical name for the metabolite?

Back 117

MDA. The street name for this is EVE and the chemical name is 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

Front 118

What country first synthesized MDMA?

Back 118

Germany

Front 119

T/F: The root of sassafras tree formerly used in theproduction of root beer but now banned because of carcinogenic properties,contains a substance called safrole or shikimo, that can easily be converted toMDMA.

Back 119

False. It can easily be converted to MDA.

Front 120

What are some side effects of MDMA?

Back 120

Tensionin the jaw, teeth grinding, high body temperatures (malignant hypothermia) anddehydration, a combination that has produced some deaths

Front 121

Until what year was MDMA legal?

Back 121

1986

Front 122

T/F: MDMA is very effective in releasing dopamine and inhibiting serotonin.

Back 122

False. MDMA causes the release of serotonin anddopamine, and is particularly effective in causing the release of serotonin.

Front 123

Why is there a prolonged and intense period of serotonergic activation when taking MDMA and MDA?

Back 123

They both block serotonin re-uptake which cause this prolonged effect, resulting in permanent neurotransmitter system damage.

Front 124

T/F: MDMA and MDA has been shown to be a potent serotonergic neurotoxinin rats and non-human primates.

Back 124

True.

Front 125

T/F: Majorserotonin metabolite was lower in persons who had used MDMA between 30-50times vs non users

Back 125

False. 80-100 times.

Front 126

Which area(s) of the brain are a result of permanent lowering of serotenergic functioning?

Back 126

Inbrain areas involving learning and memory damaged nerve endings do not regrowresulting in a permanent lowering of serotengergic functioning.

Front 127

Which area(s) of the brain are a result of excess serotenergic release?

Back 127

In brain areas involving sleep appetite there is excess regerneration resulting in excess serotonin release

Front 128

Where can myristicin and elemicin be found?

Back 128

Can be found in the fruit of the tree Myristica fragrans.

Front 129

What can be derived from the seed/seed coats of this tree?

Back 129

Nutmeg and mace.

Front 130

Identify this plant.

Back 130

Myristica fragrans.

Front 131

T/F: It is difficult to establish self administration with phenethylamine hallucinogens.

Back 131

True.

Front 132

T/F: It is easy to establish self administration with phenethylamine hallucinogens.

Back 132

False. It is difficult to do this.

Front 133

T/F: Many methylated amphetamine type hallucinogens, like MDMA and MDA, are not self administered and don't produce conditioned place preference.

Back 133

False. They do both of those things.

Front 134

T/F: Many methylated amphetamine type hallucinogens, like MDMA and MDA, are self administered and produce conditioned place preference.

Back 134

True.

Front 135

What are some plant substance examples for other/miscellaneous drugs mentioned in the text notes?

Back 135

Dissociative anaesthetics, like PCP and Ketamine, and salvinorin.

Front 136

What does PCP stand for?

Back 136

Phencyclidine.

Front 137

What are some common street names for phencyclidine?

Back 137

PCP, Angle Dust, and Horse Tranks (vets use this on hroses)

Front 138

T/F: PCP can be taken orally in the form of a powder or liquid.

Back 138

True.

Front 139

What are some side effects of dissociative anaesthetics?

Back 139

Euphoria, numbness, loss of motor control, catatonia (difficulty to move), initial nystagmus (difficulty moving eyes) which turns into a fixed stare (doll's eyes = look through/behind someone), distortion of body image with the perception that parts of the body are particularly large or small, paranoia, auditory hallucinations, extreme mood changes (no emotion to outburst), aggressive hostility, and stereotypies (repetitive body movement).

Front 140

T/F: Tolerance can be developed in laboratory animals for dissociative anaesthetics.

Back 140

True.

Front 141

T/F: Physical cannot be developed in laboratory animals for dissociative anaesthetics.

Back 141

False. It can be developed.

Front 142

What are some withdrawal symptoms of dissociative anaesthetics?

Back 142

tremors, oculomotor hyperactivity, fearfulness. diarrhea, and convulsions.

Front 143

Can tolerance or physical dependence be developed in humans for dissociative anaesthetics?

Back 143

Rarely because humans don't tend to use this drug.

Front 144

What is the street name for ketamine?

Back 144

Special K

Front 145

What is the 'K-hole'?

Back 145

A state that users describe which mimics the experiences of schizophrenia.

Front 146

What does ketamine bind to?

Back 146

Sigma Opiate Receptors

Front 147

T/F: Ketamine is a bad model of psychosis.

Back 147

False. It is a good model.

Front 148

What does NMDA have to do with Ketamine?

Back 148

It is thought that NMDA type glutamate receptors are also binding sites of ketamine.

Front 149

What does the antagonims of the NMDA receptors produce?

Back 149

It produces an increased dopaminergic activity in the brain's reward centres.

Front 150

T/F: Only ketamine will be self administered by rats, monkeys, and dogs.

Back 150

False. Both ketamine and PCP do this.

Front 151

T/F: Only PCP will be self administered by rats, monkeys, and dogs.

Back 151

False. Both ketamine and PCP do this.

Front 152

T/F: Both ketamine and PCP will be self administered by rats, monkeys, and dogs.

Back 152

True.

Front 153

Does ketamine and PCP support conditioned place preference?

Back 153

No

Front 154

T/F: PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and block NMDA receptors.

Back 154

True.

Front 155

T/F: PCP and ketamine stimulate NMDA receptors and block sigma opiate receptors.

Back 155

False. PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and block NMDA receptors.

Front 156

T/F: PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and NMDA receptors.

Back 156

False. PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and block NMDA receptors.

Front 157

T/F: PCP and ketamine block sigma opiate receptors and NMDA receptors.

Back 157

False.PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and block NMDA receptors.

Front 158

What is DM?

Back 158

Dextromethorphan

Front 159

What does DM do that is similar to both PCP and ketamine?

Back 159

DM, PCP and ketamine stimulate sigma opiate receptors and block NMDA receptors.

Front 160

What is the main ingredient of Robitussin?

Back 160

DM

Front 161

What is recreational use of DM referred to as?

Back 161

Robo-coping. roboing, and robo-tripping

Front 162

What are the following medicines for: guaifenesin, diphenydramine, and dimenhydrinate.

Back 162

Cough medication, cold medication (benadyrl), and motion sickness (dramanine or gravol).

Front 163

What are enthogens?

Back 163

Naturally occurring plant substances that produce mystical or religious experiences.

Front 164

Is salvia illegal?

Back 164

Nope

Front 165

What are the 3 most common administration methods of salvia divinorum?

Back 165

Chewing a quid, smoking it in a cigarette, or making a tea.

Front 166

What is another name for salvia divinorum?

Back 166

Diviner's Sage

Front 167

What is the active ingredient of salvia divinorum and which receptors does it effect?

Back 167

Salvinorin A which exerts an agonistic action at kappa opioid receptors.

Front 168

Identify this plant.

Back 168

Salvia divinorum

Front 169

What is the main ingredient of Absinthe?

Back 169

Thujone which can be found in wormwood.

Front 170

Identify this image.

Back 170

This is a bottle of Absinthe, aka the Green Fairy.

Front 171

Identify this image.

Back 171

This is how you prepare a drink of Absinthe. Sugar cube on top, Absinthe poured over the cube, and the sugar falls inside.