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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Volume |
The amount of space a fluid/liquid takes up |
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Mass |
The amount of matter in an object |
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Matter |
Anything with mass and volume |
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Mixure |
Combination of pure substances |
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Solution |
Not individually visible substances dissolved within each other |
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Solute |
Component in solution dissolved in solvent |
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Solvent |
Liquid in which solute is dissolved to form a solution |
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Alloy |
Mixed metals |
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Colloid |
mixture that does not settle and is not visible to naked eye |
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Ordinary Mechanical Mixture |
: clear separation between two substances |
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suspension |
mixture with visible separation over time due to gravity |
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pure substance |
element or compound, with unique set of properties |
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sublimation |
solid to gas |
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deposition |
gas to solid |
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condensation |
gas to liquid |
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evaporation |
liquid to gas |
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solidification |
process of solidifying something |
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tyndall effect |
scattering of light by a colloid solution will be transparent |
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electrolysis |
break down of a compound using electricity |
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catalyst |
something that speeds up a chemical reaction |
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law of conservation and mass |
in a chemical change the mass of the reactants is always equal to the mass of the product |
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period |
horizontal rows of the periodic table(7) |
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group |
vertical columns of the periodic table |
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ion |
an atom with lost or gained electrons |
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covalent bond |
the sharing of electrons between 2 non metas |
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ionic bond |
transfer of electrons between a metal and a non metal |
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molecular compound |
pure substance consisting of 2 nonmetals through sharing electrons |
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ionic compound |
pure substanceresulted from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal |
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isotope |
atoms of the same element and atomic number but different in mass |
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cation |
ion with a positive charge |
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anion |
ion with a negative charge |
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electrolyte |
solution formed by dissolving ionic compounds |
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Name the qualitative properties of substances (12) |
colour texture odour lustre clarity taste state brittleness ductility flexibility form malleability |
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ductility |
ability of an object to be stretched into a wire |
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flexibility |
ability of an object to bend without breaking |
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malleability |
ability of an object to be hammered into a sheet |
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brittleness |
ability of an object to break or shatter |
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Lustre |
ability of an object to reflect light shiny:chrome dull |
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form |
crystalline: regular amorphous: irregular |
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Name the quantitative properties(8) |
density hardness melting point boiling point solubility viscosity electrical conductivity heat conductivity |
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what is a qualitative property |
observed no measurements changing property characteristic detected using senses, cannot be measured |
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what is quantitative property |
unobserved measured numerically unchanging property characteristic that requires a tool to measure |
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what is a chemical change |
new substance formed permanent irreversible colour heat odour precipitate light sound |
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what is a physical change |
no new substance formed new properties are temporary changes can be reversed state shape size |
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what are the properties of water |
adhesion cohesion |
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what is adhesion |
sticks to other substances water forms strong hydrogen bonds with other substances |
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what is cohesion |
sticks to itself strong inter molecular attractions between water molecules |
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particle theory of matter |
all matter is composed of particles all particles have space between them particles are always in motion particles attract |
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what happens to particles when heat is added |
attraction between particles weaken and particles move faster |
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what 3 mixtures are heterogeneous |
ordinary mechanical colloid suspension |
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what mixture is homogeneous |
solution |
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what 2 things are pure substances |
compound element |
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what is homogeneous |
uniform composition one phase one type of particle |
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what is heterogeneous |
non uniform composition 2+ phases |
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what is an ordinary mechanical mixture |
you can see different substances within it with the naked eye |
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what is a suspension |
initially substances are unseen until separated by gravity |
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what is a colloid |
cannot see with naked eye and does not settle |
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what is a solution |
solute that dissolves into solvent |
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what is an alloy |
solution of 2 or more metals |
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give 2 examples of ordinary mechanical mixture |
cookie salad |
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give 2 examples of suspension |
miso soup salt water |
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give 2 examples of colloid |
milk mayo |
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give 2 examples of solution |
vinegar alcoholic drink |
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give 2 examples of allots |
bronze coins |
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what is an element |
cannot be broken down made of 1 atom |
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what is a compound |
2+ chemically combined elements |
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give 2 examples of an element |
hydrogen helium |
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give 2 examples of a compound |
water H2O salt NaCl |
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_cm3 = _mL |
1 cm3 = 1 mL |
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_m = _L |
1 m = 1000 L |
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_dm3 = _ L |
1 dm3 = 1 L |
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From greatest to lowestname the prefixes and their symbols |
mega M 1 000 000 kilo k 1000 hecto h 100 deca da 10 base m, g, L 1 deci d 0.1 centi c 0.01 milli m 0.001 micro um 0.0001 |
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what is the test result and explanation for oxygen gas |
O2 + glowing splint Splint relights oxygen speeds up chemical reaction |
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what is the test result and explanation for hydrogen gas |
H2 + burning splint loud pop hydrogen reacts with oxygen to make water sound of 2 rapid gases combining to form a liquid |
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what is the test result and explanation for carbon dioxide gas |
CO2 + limewater turns translucent lime water reacts with CO2 to make calcium carbonate (white precipitate) CO2 + burning splint candle goes out CO2 is more dense than air so it pushes oxygen out of the way to smother flame |
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what is the density formula |
D = m/V |
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how do you find density from the slope of a line |
slope = rise/run = y2-y2/x2-x1 |
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in finding the density from the slope which is the dependent and which is the independent variable |
x = independent y = dependent |
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write the chemical equation for water |
electrolysis H2O(l) --------------------> H2(g) + O2(g) H2SO4 |
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write the word equation for water |
electrolysis water liquid ----------------------> hydrogen gas + sulphuric acid oxygen gas
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what is a hoffman apparatus |
uses electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water |
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in a hoffman apparatus which gas collects at which electrode |
hydrogen = cathode (-) oxygen = anode (+) |
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what is the catalyst used in hoffman apparatus |
sulphuric acid H2SO4 |
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why do the gases collect at their electrodes |
They collect at oppositely charged electrodes. Hydrogen ion is H+ so it is collected at the cathode |
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displacement method |
measure volume in container of water place object in measure water rise difference in water volume is volume of object |
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importance of lower density of ice |
lakes dont freeze because ice is less dense than water less dense = float melts at pressure stays liquid so allows marine life to exist |
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group 1 |
alkali metals |
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group 2 |
alkaline earth metals |
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group 3-12 |
transition metals |
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stair step |
metalloids |
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between stairstep and transition |
other metals |
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between halogen and stairstep and hydrogen |
non metal |
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group 17 |
halogen |
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group 18 |
noble gases |
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bottom elements |
rare earth elements lathanides actinides |
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name the properties of metals |
solid (except mercury) shiny malleable ductile good conductor of heat and electricity |
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name properties of non metals |
dull poor conductor of heat and electricity brittle not ductile reactive and will burn in air |
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name properties of metalloids |
solid shiny or dull poor conductor of electricity (semiconductors) fair conductor of heat brittle not ductile |
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what are benefits of semi conductors |
easier to control flow of electricity so used in electronic devices |
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Hydrogen 1 |
protium mass: 1 protons: 1 neutrons: 0 very stable |
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hydrogen 2 |
deuterium mass: 2 protons: 1 neutrons: 1 stable |
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hydrogen 3 |
tritium mass: 3 protons: 1 neutrons: 2 not stable |
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what is an isotope |
atoms of the same element with same atomic number but different mass number |
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what is a radioisotope |
isotope where their nucleus spontaneously decays and release energy and other particles |
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advantages and disadvantages of radioactivity |
advantages: energy source research nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment disadvantages birth defects genetic mutations |
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name rule for reactivity of metal |
increase top-bottom right-left (more important) |
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rule for reactivity of non metal |
increase bottom-top left-right (more important) |
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what atoms are stable |
noble gases |
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name prefixes of molecular compounds |
mono di tri tetra penta |
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name common elements |
ammonia NH3 hydrogen peroxide H2O2 methane CH4 water H2O |
