Introduction To Engineering Chemistry

Front 1

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Back 1

He devised and produced the lowest temperature in his thermometer by mixing snow and salt.

Front 2

Chemistry

Back 2

The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Front 3

Substance

Back 3

a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.

Front 4

Element

Back 4

the simplest form of matter since it contains only one kind of atom.

Front 5

Compound

Back 5

pure substance that contain two or more elements combined in a definite proportion by mass.

Front 6

Mixture

Back 6

a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.

Front 7

Homogeneous Mixture

Back 7

a mixture that has uniform composition throughout. Its components cannot be distinguished from one another since the whole mixture has only one phase.

Front 8

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 8

a mixture that contains particles that retain their chemical properties when they are mixed and can be distinguished after they are mixed.

Front 9

Suspension

Back 9

a type of heterogeneous mixture where a solid particle does not dissolve in liquid.

Front 10

Colloid

Back 10

a solution that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter, yet are still able to remain evenly distributed throughout the solution.

Front 11

Physical Properties

Back 11

are properties which can be measured without changing the identity and composition of a substance. Example: color, density, boiling point, melting point, etc.

Front 12

Physical Changes

Back 12

are those changes that do not result in the production of a new substance. Example: melting, freezing, breaking, crushing, cutting, etc.

Front 13

Chemical Properties

Back 13

are properties that lead to changes in the identity and composition of a substance. Example: heat of combustion, flammability, acidity, reaction with water, etc.

Front 14

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction

Back 14

are changes that result in the production of another substance. Example: digestion, respiration, burning, rusting, etc.

Front 15

Extensive Property

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those that do depend on the size of the sample involved. Example: mass, length, volume, etc.

Front 16

Intensive Property

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those which do not depend on the size of the sample involved. Example: density, temperature, boiling point, malleability, conductivity, etc.

Front 17

Significant Figures

Back 17

The digits that carry meaning in a number and contribute to its precision. The number of significant figures is related to the number of numerical digits used to express the measurement.

Front 18

Accuracy

Back 18

how close a measurement is to the true value

Front 19

Precision

Back 19

how close a set of measurements are to each other.