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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nervous system cells that are specialized to use action potentials to transmit information are called __________. |
neurons |
A. glial cells B. neurons C. dendrites D. axons |
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The chemical messengers released into synapses are called __________. |
neurotransmitters |
A. codons B. neurotransmitters C. amino acids D. hormones |
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The portion of the nervous system that directly controls skeletal muscles is the __________. |
somatic motor system |
A. somatic motor system B. autonomic system C. central nervous system D. sensory nervous system |
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Information arriving at the central nervous system is referred to as __________. |
afferent |
A. autonomic B. efferent C. motor D. afferent |
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Nerve and muscle cells are classified as excitable tissues because they ________. |
generate electrical signals and propagate electrical signals |
A. propagate action potentials B. generate electrical signals and propagate electrical signals C. generate action potentials D. have the ability to contract and produce force and movement |
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The myelin sheaths that surround axons in the CNS are formed by __________. |
oligodendrocytes |
A. dendritic cells B. oligodendrocytes C. Schwann cells D. astrocytes E. microglia |
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Slow axonal transport refers to __________ down the length of the axon away from the cell body (soma).
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movement of proteins packaged in vesicles |
A. impulse transmission B. sodium and potassium movement C. movement of proteins packaged in vesicles D. mitochondrial transport |
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Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?
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Movement |
A. Support B. Phagocytosis C. Providing directions for growth and repair |
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The two types of electrical signals transmitted through neurons are ________. |
graded potentials and action potentials |
A. large and small axonal impulses B. graded potential and resting potentials C. graded potentials and action potentials D. fast and slow axonal impulses |
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Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
IPSPs usually depolarize the membrane. |
A. EPSPs can make action potentials more likely to occur. B. IPSPs usually depolarize the membrane. C. EPSPs that reach threshold can initiate an action potential. D. The trigger zone is the integrating center for graded potentials of the neuron. |
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The ion that plays a key role in initiating an action potential in a neuron is __________. |
Na+ |
A. Cl- B. K+ C. Na+ D. Ca2+ |
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__________ neurons, from the afferent division of the PNS, receive information from the body and transmit that information to an integrating center in the __________. |
sensory; CNS |
A. somatic motor; CNS B. somatic motor; PNS C. sensory; CNS D. sensory; PNS |
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The neurocrine that acts as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is __________. |
gamma-aminobutyric acid |
A. serotonin B. gamma-aminobutyric acid C. glutamate D. epinephrine |
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Application of the poison tetrodotoxin (TTX) to a neuron blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. What effect will this have on an action potential in the neuron? |
TTX will diminish or abolish the depolarization phase of the action potential. |
A. TTX will increase the amplitude of the action potential. B. TTX will diminish or abolish the depolarization phase of the action potential. C. TTX will lengthen the depolarization phase of the action potential. D. TTX will not affect action potentials because voltage-gated Na+ channels have no role in them. |
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Action potentials are unidirectional. Why do they travel only from the cell body of a neuron to the terminal and never go backward? |
The sodium channel inactivation gates close once an action potential passes. |
A. Both sodium inactivation gates and potassium gates are closed once an action potential passes. B. The sodium channel activation gates close once an action potential passes. C. This statement is false. They do travel backward toward the soma. D. The sodium channel inactivation gates close once an action potential passes |
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The site of information integration in a neuron is the __________. |
trigger zone |
A. trigger zone B. dendrites C. axon terminal D. electrical synapse E. chemical synapse |
