Chapter 7 - Muscular System - Diseases & Function Of Muscles

Front 1

myasthenia gravis

Back 1

Chronic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness

Front 2

Function of Muscles - 3

Back 2

1) Movement- responsible for.
2) Maintain posture - tonicity.
3) Produce heat-helps

Hint 2

1) 3 types of movement: a) locomotion, b) propulsion of substances throught tubes e.g. circulation and digestion. c) changes in size of opeingeg contraction and relaxation of eye iris.
2) Tonicity- continual partial contraction of skeletal muscles.
3) Heat through chemical changes involved in muscular action.

Front 3

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)

Back 3

Chronic syndrom iwth widespread muscular pain and debilitating fatigue.
Exact cause-unknown but often traced to injury or physical or emotional trauma.
ACR classifies FMS as havving at least 11/18 specific areas (trigger points) of body are painful under pressure. Location includes:
Inside of elbow joint, front of collarbone, anbd base of skull.

Hint 3

Treatment geared towards improving quality of sleep and reducing pain due deep sleep crucial to many body functions e.g. tissue repair and antibody production. Sleep disorders common to fibromyalia thought to be major contributor to symptoms.
Common medications prescribed boost body's level of serotonin and norepinephrine - neurotransmitters that modulate sleep, pain and immune system function.NSAID e.g ibuprofen may also be beneficial.

Front 4

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Back 4

Group of genetic diseases characterized by chronic progressive wasting and weakening of skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement. Children - leg muscles weak so perform Gowers' maneuver to raise to standing position.

Hint 4

Muscles of heart and other involuntary MD,and a few forms involve other organs as well.
Duchenne MD most common affecting child. Death usu occurs in late teens to early twenties.
Myotonic MD most common to adults.
Life expectancy depends on degree of progression and late respiratoryt deficit.
No specific treatment of any form of MD. 1) Physical therapy to prevent contractures (shortened muscles around joints cause abnormal and sometimes painful positioning of the joints).
2) Orthoses (orthopedic appliances used for support)
3) Corrective orthopedic surgery to improve the quality of life in some cases.

Front 5

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

Back 5

Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness of skeletal/voluntary muscles of the body.
Primary symptom of MG - muscle weakness increases during activity and improves after periods of rest.
Certain muscles e.g. that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking and swallowing are often involved in the disorder. Muslces tt control breathing and neck and limb movements can be affected.
Cause - defect in transmission of nerve impulses to muscules. Occurs when normal communication between nerve and muscle is interrupted at neuromuscular junction - place where nerve cells connect with muscles they control.

Hint 5

Majority of people - Life expectancy not lessened by disorder.
MG occurs in all ethnic groups and both genders. Most common in young (under 40) adult women and older men (over 60).
Treatment - lifestyle adjustments to enable continuation of many activities including planning activity to allow for scheduled rest peridos and avoiding stress and excessive heat exposure.