Chapter 7 (Exam 3)

Front 1

Ethology Basic Concepts

Back 1

Species specific innate behavior

Evolutionary Perspective

Learning Predispositions

Ethological Methodology

Front 2

Species Specific Innate Behavior

Back 2

Emphasizes the biological contributions to behaviors

Ex: Cat hunting (Most active at dusk)

-Innate behavior since can see best at night

Front 3

4 Characteristics of Innate Behavior

Back 3

Unvarying sequences of actions

Present w/out experience (No learning)

Universal to the species

Relatively unchanged w/learning

Front 4

Fixed Action Pattern

Back 4

Complex innate behavior

-Promote Survival

-Greylag goose egg routine

-Satin Bowerbird Nests

Front 5

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 5

Emphasis on adaptiveness of cognition

-Brain's specialized mechanisms of processes

-How it solves problems

Front 6

Evolutionary Psychology Approches

Back 6

-Mental and psychological traits are products of natural selection (Memory, perception, etc.)

-How evolution has shaped the mind

-Sex specific mating behaviors

Front 7

Critical Periods

Back 7

Time during development w/increased sensitivity to environmental influences or stimulation

-Primed to respond to stimuli

Front 8

Critical Period (Humans)

Back 8

Binocular vision

- Not innate

-Learning through interaction of the environment

-Input from two properly aligned eyes

Front 9

Zone of Proximinal Development

Back 9

Gap or distance between what a child can do and what it will eventually be able to do by itself

Front 10

Characteristics of imprinting

Back 10

Animal is pre-tuned biologically

-Prepares animal to make associations

-Environment can modify

Front 11

General Learning

Back 11

Evolution/biology

-Endowed us with a general capacity to learn and solve problems

Front 12

Specific Learning

Back 12

All learning is not equal

-Some problems easier to solve

-Learning to open and close things

-Math

Front 13

Clarks Nutcrackers (Learning)

Back 13

-bury nuts in summer/spring

-Come back in winter and know where all are

-Do not touch others

-Recover over 95%

Front 14

Humans (Learning)

Back 14

Biologically ready for Language

-if in isolation, don't learn how to properly communicate

Front 15

Bowlby (Attachment)

Back 15

-Observational

Mother and child have innate tendency to form attachment

-Evolved responses which promote survival

-Early attachment w/caregiver is essential for normal development

Front 16

Ethogram

Back 16

A detailed description of its behavior of a species in its natural environment

-Write all the time

-Extremely time consuming

Front 17

Classification

Back 17

Classify behaviors according to their function for survival

Front 18

Compare

Back 18

Compare how a behavior functions in different species and how different behaviors serve the same function in other species

Front 19

Laboratory Experiments

Back 19

Determine immediate causes of behavior described in the first three steps

Front 20

Comparison Example

Back 20

Innate reflex to cling

-Development of attachment

-Infants and baby monkeys react same

Front 21

Haven of Safety

Back 21

Hide behind parent when fear

Parent is safe, secure base

-Allows to be comfortable in certain situations

Front 22

Factors which affect Attachment

Back 22

Opportunity for attachment

Quality of caregiver

-Respond promptly and consistently

Infant characteristics (Needs)

Front 23

Baby Faces

Back 23

-Want to treat them as babies, "take care of them"

-Highlights different area of brain when seen

-Even if dont have kids

Front 24

Quality of Attachments (Ainsworth

Back 24

"Strange Situation"

Attach infant will: Use mother as a secure base

-Be soothed by mother during reunion

Front 25

Secure Attachment (Response Behaviors)

Back 25

Baby distressed when parent leaves, relieved when parent returns (65%)

Front 26

Insecure Attachment (Response Behaviors)

Back 26

Negative responses, lead to problems later

-EX: coping w/stress in college

Front 27

Resistant (Response Behaviors) (Insecure Attachment)

Back 27

Clings to parent and angry when she returns (12%)

Front 28

Avoident (Response Behaviors) (Insecure Attachment)

Back 28

Not caring if mother is present or leaves. Ignores mother upon return (5%)

Front 29

Disorganized (Response Behaviors) (Insecure Attachment)

Back 29

Inconsistent behaviors saw calmness AND anger (5-10%)

Front 30

Factors affecting Attachment Styles

Back 30

Caregiver's sensitivity to the infants needs

Family Stress

Parental psychopathology (Depression)

Infant's temperament

Front 31

Attachment Styles and Survival

Back 31

-Adapting to care-giving conditions (up chance surv)

-Parents heavily invested and sensitive to needs

-Environmental pressures are greater

-Insecure attachment is more adaptive

Front 32

Peer Interactions

Back 32

Ability to meet needs while maintaining positive social relations

-Take turns, share, etc

Front 33

Movie Viewer Ex

Back 33

Combination of cooperation and competition

-1 kid for each job

-4 jobs, only one can view

Front 34

Attachment style and regulation of Emotions (Contemp)

Back 34

College Students

-Insecurely attached leads to inability to regulate emotions

-greater chance for depression

Front 35

Culture Learning

Back 35

Passing on socially learned information

Influenced y socializing

Pooling of cognitive resources

Front 36

Unique to humans?

Back 36

Recently found in primates

-Have theory of mind