Chapter 7 Cell Structure And Function

Front 1

cell

Back 1

collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life

Front 2

cell theory

Back 2

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

cell wall

Back 4

strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Front 5

nucleus

Back 5

large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

material inside the cell membrane---but not including the nucleus

Front 7

prokaryote

Back 7

single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus.

Front 8

eukaryote

Back 8

organism whose cells contain nuclei

Front 9

organelle

Back 9

specialized structure that perforns important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Front 10

Robert Hooke 1665

Back 10

He observed tiny chambers in a thin slice of cork; he named the cell.

Front 11

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674

Back 11

He observed tiny living organisms in pond water

Front 12

Matthias Schleiden 1838

Back 12

He concluded that all plants are made of cells.

Front 13

Theodor Schwann 1855

Back 13

He concluded that all animals are made of cells.

Front 14

Rudolph Virchow

Back 14

He studied cell reproduction and concluded that all cells are produced from preexisting cells

Front 15

chromatin

Back 15

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Front 16

chromosome

Back 16

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next

Front 17

nucleolus

Back 17

small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins

Front 18

cytoskeleton

Back 18

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Front 19

microtubule

Back 19

hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a "track" along which organelles are moved

Front 20

microfilament

Back 20

long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell

Front 21

ribosome

Back 21

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

Front 22

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 22

internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified

Front 23

Golgi apparatus

Back 23

stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

Front 24

lysosome

Back 24

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Front 25

vacuole

Back 25

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Front 26

chloroplast

Back 26

organelle found in the cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis

Front 27

mitochondrion

Back 27

cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules

Front 28

nuclear envelope

Back 28

double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell