Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture? - Socialization - Personality - Human nature - Behaviorism |
- Socialization |
|
|
What concept refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling? - Socialization - Behavior - Human nature - Personality |
- Personality |
|
|
In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that: - Nature is far more important than nurture. - Nurture is far more important than nature. - Nature and nurture have equal importance. - Neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity. |
- Nurture is far more important than nature. |
|
|
Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of: - Superego. - Ego. - Id. - Generalized other |
- Id. |
|
|
When Cooley used the concept "looking-glass self," he meant to say that: - People are self-centered. - People see themselves as they think others see them. - People see things only from their own point of view. - Our actions are a reflection of our values. |
- People see themselves as they think others see them.
|
|
|
Family is important to the socialization process because: - Family members are often what Mead called "significant others." - Families pass along to children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion. - Parents greatly affect a child's sense of self. - All of the above are correct. |
- All of the above are correct. |
|
|
On average, a U.S. household has at least one television turned on for how many hours a day? - Two - Five - Seven - Fifteen |
- Seven |
|
|
What is the term sociologists give to a category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age? - Age subculture - Generation - Age group - Cohort |
- Cohort |
|
|
Which of the following concepts refers to a setting where a staff tries to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment? - Anticipatory social center - Cohort community - A total institution - A degradation ceremony |
- A total institution |
|
|
According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is: - To help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world. - To give a person greater choices about how to live. - To radically alter a person's personality or behavior. - To encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context |
- To radically alter a person's personality or behavior. |
|
|
Below is a list of traits linked to a total institution; all but one are correct. Which one is NOT correct? - Staff members supervise all the daily life of inmates. - Staff members encourage the individual growth and creativity of inmates. - Inmates have standardized food, clothing, and activities. - Formal rules direct people's daily routines |
- Staff members encourage the individual growth and creativity of inmates. |
|
|
Which of the following best sums up Goffman's idea of the resocialization process? - Break down an old identity, then build up a new identity - Reward inmates for being creative - Help integrate inmates into the larger society - All of the above are correct. |
- Break down an old identity, then build up a new identity |
|
|
An inmate who loses the capacity for independent living is described as: - Unsocialized. - Integrated. - Institutionalized. - Dissociated. |
- Institutionalized. |
|
|
The Harlow studies found that six months of social isolation was sufficient to permanently damage infant rhesus monkeys. - True - False |
- True |
|
|
Even years of social isolation in infancy may not cause permanent and irreversible developmental damage. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
While many researchers have studied outward behavior, George Herbert Mead focused on symbolic meaning—specifically the meaning people attach to behavior. - True - False |
- True |
|
|
George Herbert Mead used the concept "the looking-glass self" to refer to significant people in our lives. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
Of all social institutions, the family has the greatest impact on socialization. - True - False |
- True |
|
|
Schools provide children with early experience of bureaucracy. - True - False |
- True |
|
|
During adolescence, the family's influence on children virtually stops. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
Anticipatory socialization refers to trying to avoid unpleasant social experiences. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
During the last century, the mass media have had a declining influence on people in the United States. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
Childhood and other stages of the life course are defined in much the same way in all societies. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
In the United States, many young girls feel they are expected to excel at school, to be feminine, attractive, and to "be themselves" as well—which is often difficult. - True - False |
- True |
|
|
Industrialization brings with it a rise in the social standing of old people. - True - False |
- False |
|
|
The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called: - Social connectedness. - Social construction. - Social dynamics. - Social interaction |
- Social interaction |
|
|
Which of the following concepts defines who and what we are in relation to others? - Role - Status - Role set - Presentation of self |
- Status |
|
|
At a given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your: - Master status. - Role set. - Achieved statuses. - Status set. |
- Status set. |
|
|
What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life? - Passive role - Master status - Ascribed status - Achieved status |
- Ascribed status |
|
|
Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a significant measure of personal ability and effort? - Active role - Master status - Ascribed status - Achieved status |
- Achieved status |
|
|
Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life? - Social status - Master status - Ascribed status - Achieved status |
- Master status |
|
|
Julie is a police officer who finds that, wherever she goes in her small town, people seem to think of her as a cop. Julie is experiencing the effects of which of the following? - Role exit - Master status - Ascribed status - Status conflict |
- Master status |
|
|
Akbar is an honors student. In sociological terms, being an honors student is an example of which of the following? - Role conflict - Master status - Ascribed status - Achieved status |
- Achieved status |
|
|
Sociologists use what concept to refer to behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status? - Role - Master status - Status set - Role set |
- Role |
|
|
A role set refers to: - All the roles found in a society. - A number of roles attached to a single status. - All the roles that are similar in function. - A number of roles within any particular organization |
- A number of roles attached to a single status. |
|
|
What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses? - Role conflict - Role strain - Role set - Role exit |
- Role conflict |
|
|
Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status? - Role conflict - Role strain - Role ambiguity - Role exit |
- Role strain |
|
|
Which of the following is involved when a plant supervisor wishes to be a good friend and confidant to the workers but must remain distant to rate the workers' performances? - Role conflict - Role strain - Role ambiguity - Role exit |
- Role strain |
|
|
What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles? - Role rejection - Role reversal - Role loss - Role exit |
- Role exit |
|
|
Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact? - Status interaction - Social construction of reality - Interactive reality - Role reality |
- Social construction of reality |
|
|
Garfinkel's research, called ethnomethodology, involves: - Studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings. - Tracking people's roles over the life course. - The study of interaction in terms of theatrical performance. - Studying unfamiliar cultural systems. |
- Studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings. |
|
|
Which of the following is likely to play a part in the reality we construct through social interaction? - Social class background - The country we live in - Our ethnicity - All of the above are correct |
- All of the above are correct |
|
|
The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as: - Ethnomethodology. - Dramaturgical analysis. - The Thomas theorem. - The social construction of reality |
- Dramaturgical analysis. |
|
|
Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis? - George Herbert Mead - Harold Garfinkel - Erving Goffman - W. I. Thomas |
- Erving Goffman |
|
|
What does the term "presentation of self" mean? - Efforts to create impressions in the minds of others - Being very self-conscious - Interaction that is highly formal - Trying to take attention away from others |
- Efforts to create impressions in the minds of others |
|
|
According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a _____ when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others. - Role - Performance - Status - Self |
- Performance |
|
|
Nonverbal communication refers to: - Body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. - Instant messaging and other e-communication. - Written language. - Beliefs assumed to be true by everyone |
- Body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. |
|
|
Which of the following is an important element of non-verbal communication? - Hand gestures - Eye contact - Body language - All of the above are correct |
- All of the above are correct |
|
|
"Personal space" refers to: - Owned property, such as a house or land. - Unowned space in a public place. - The surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy. - A feeling of needing isolation from others |
- The surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy. |
|
|
In terms of dramaturgical analysis, another term for helping a person to "save face," or avoid embarrassment, is: - Role exit. - Tact. - Idealization. - Creating personal space |
- Tact. |
