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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jamestown
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first permanent English settlement in North America
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John Smith
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took control of Jamestown - 1608
forced settlers to work harder rewarded them with food |
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Pocahontas
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daughter of Powhatan leader
married John Rolfe |
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indentured servants
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servants that signed a contract to work for 4 - 7 years for people who paid for their trip to America
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Nathan Bacon and followers attacked and burned down Jamestown because he did not agree with governor.
Bacon didn't agree with trade w/ Indians and wanted to take their land |
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Toleration Act 1649
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bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians
1649 support religious tolerance |
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Olaudah Equiano
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slave who recorded his brutal experiences
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slave codes
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laws to control slaves
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Puritans
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Protestant group who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
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Pilgrims
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one Separatists group that left England in early 1600's to escape persecution
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immigrants
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people who have leeft the country of their birth to live in another country
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Mayflower Compact
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a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good
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Squanto
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Patuxet Indian
lived in Europe at one time Spoke good English |
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John Winthrop
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led a fleet of Puritains from England to Massachusetts for religious freedom
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Anne Hutchinson
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publically discussed religious idaes some people thought were radical
angered Puritain Church leaders |
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Peter Stuyvesant
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Director General
led New Netherland colony starting 1647 |
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Quakers
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Society of Friends
one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey |
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William Penn
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Quaker; founded Pennsylvania
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staple crops
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crops that are always needed
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town meeting
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people talk about and decide on issues of local interest, such as ppaying for schools
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English Bill of Rights
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1689
this act reduced the powers of the English monarch |
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triangular trade
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a system in which goods and slaves were traded among the AAmericas, Britain, and Africa
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Great Awakening
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a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730's and 1740's
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Jonathan Edwards
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one of the most important leaders of the Great Awakening
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Enlightenment
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1700's
movement that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society |
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John Locke
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Philosopher
thought that people had natural rights such as equality and liberty |
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Pontiac
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Indian Chief who opposed British settlement of Virginia, Carolina and Ohio River Valley
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Who became leader of Jamestown in 1608?
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John Smith
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When more settlers arrived to Jamestown, what did many die from?
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famine and disease
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What did the marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas do?
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helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan
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How long did the conflict between the Powhatan and the colonists last?
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started 1622
lasted 20 years |
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Plantations
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large farms established by tobacco farmers
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Colonists who paid their way to Virginia received what?
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50 acres of land and 50 acres for each person they brought
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Most workers on the plantations were what?
what does that mean? |
indentured servants
they are people who come to America for free by agreeing to work without pay for a set amount of time |
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What led the Colonists to need more slave labor?
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Increased work and falling cost of slaves
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What was founded as a refuge for Catholics in 1634?
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Maryland
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Carolina was founded?
when was it dived into North and South? |
1633
1712 |
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Most colonists in North Carolina were?
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farmers
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South Carolina had what?
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large plantations and many slaves
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Georgia was founded by who?
when? |
James Oglethorpe
1733 refuge for debtors |
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James Oglethorpe wanted what?
how did he do this? |
small farms
outlawed slavery and limited land grants |
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When settlers became unhappy, what did Georgia become?
What was created? |
royal colony
large rice plantations worked by many slaves |
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Economies of the South depended on what?
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agriculture
cash crops were: tobacco rice indigo |
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Who was the main source of labor in the South?
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slaves
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What were closely linked in the New England colonies?
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religion and government
gov't leaders were also Church members |
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In the New England Colonies, what was established that turned into a type of self- gov't?
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general court
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Thomas Hooker
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founded Connecticut to make gov't more democratic
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Roger Williams
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founded Providence
supported the separation of church and state |
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In 1690's Salem held what?
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largest number of witchcraft trials
19 put to death |
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New England economy was based on what?
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farming and trade
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Describe New England colonies farming
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few cash crops - harsh climate and rocky soil
families used what they grew and raised little need for slaves |
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Describe New England colonies trade
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traded locally and overseas
fishing - leading industry shipbuilding also important industry |
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Pilgrims wanted to separate from who?
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the Anglican Church
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After leaving the Netherlands on the Mayflower, where did the Pilgrims arrive?
When? |
Plymouth Rock
1620 |
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Who taught the Pilgrims to fertilize soil?
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Squanto - Native American
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Describe the Pilgrim community
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mostly farmers
family members worked together |
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The Puritans disagreed with what?
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official opinions and church actions in England
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Puritans left England during what
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the great migration
1629-1640 |
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Puritans established what colony?
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Massachusetts Bay colony
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Education was what in the New England Colonies?
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important
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Public education in New England Colonies
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communities made town schools
used New England Primer availability varied in colonies stopped after elementary school |
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Higher Education in New England colonies
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Harvard College - 1636 John Hard and general court
College of William and Mary - Virginia 1693 |
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The English created what two colonies from former Dutch territory?
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New York and New Jersey
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New York
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Dutch founded New Netherland - fur trading post
Peter Stuyvesant led 1647-1664 English captured 1664 |
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New Jersey
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occupied land between Hudson and Delaware Rivers
diverse population English took over 1664 |
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William Penn founded Pennsylvania to provide a safe home for who?
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Quakers - supported non-violence, religious tolerance
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What di Penn do when he founded Pennsylvania?
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limited his power
established an elected assembly promised religious freedom |
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The Middle Colonies economy was supported by what?
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trade and staple crops
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what 2 things did middle colonies have to grow staple crops?
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good climate
rich soil |
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what were the staple crops for the middle colonies
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wheat
barley oats |
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middle colonies had slaves, but who was the largest work force?
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indentured servants
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trade to what 2 countries was important to middle colonies?
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Britain
West Indies |
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How did women contribute to the middle colonies>
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owned farms and business
nurses and midwives most worked in the home |
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what did married women contribute?
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managed households and raised children
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Colonial governments were influenced by what?
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political change in England
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Describe colonial governments
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Each colony own government
each government given power by a charter English Monarch had ultimate authority |
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Who was the head of the government and who assisted them?
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the governor
advisory council |
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some colonies had what
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elected reprsentatives
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Virginia established what in 1619
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the first assembly
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who wanted more control over English government and colonies?
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James II
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Who replaced James II?
what did they pass? |
Parliament
English Bill of Rights |
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what limited free trade in the colonies?
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English trade laws
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What was the main reason for founding/controlling colonies for England?
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earning money
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England practiced what?
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mercantilism
system to get and maintain wealth with controlled trade |
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Parliament passed what to limit colonial trade?
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Navigation Acts
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who were the three countries in the triangular trade system?
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America
Great Britain Africa |
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what caused captives to die on the slave ships on the Middle Passage?
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terrible conditions
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What 2 things led to ideas of political equality among many colonists?
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The Great Awakening
the Enlightenment |
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Great Awakening
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spread religious feelings
1730 - 1740 |
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what became popular places to talk about political and social issues
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Revivals
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Enlightenment
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1700's
reason and logic could improve society formed ideas of how gov't should work people had natural rights for equality and liberty |
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who did the Enlightenment influence?
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colonial leaders
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What gave England control of more land in North America?
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French and Indian War
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The French traded and allied with what Native Americans?
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Algonquians and Huron
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The English allied with what Native Americans?
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Iroquois league
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What two countries struggled for control of North America in late 1600,s?
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France
Great Britain |
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When did the French and Indian War start?
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1754
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what was the turning point in the French and Indian War?
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Britain captured Quebec 1759
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what did the Treaty of Paris 1763 give Britain?
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Canada and all French land east of Mississippi
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Most colonial settlements were where>
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along the Atlantic coast
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After the war, settlers began moving where?
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west
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who led the Native Americans to rebel against new British settlements 1763?
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Pontiac
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what did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
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It banned settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains
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