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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the primary sex organs?
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They are the gonads, the organs that produce the gametes
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What are gametes?
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Gametes are produced by the primary sex organs and they are the testes in the male and ovaries in the female
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What are secondary sex organs?
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the organs other than the gonads that are necessary for reproduction
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What are the secondary sex organs in males?
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The secondary sex organs in males are a system of ducts, glads, and the penis, concerned with storage, survival, and conveyance of sperm
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What are the secondary sex organs in females?
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The secondary sex organs in females include the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina, concerned with uniting the sperm and egg and harboring the developing fetus
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What are secondary sex characteristics?
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features that further distinguish the sexes and play a role in mate attraction.
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Where are the external genitalia located?
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In the perineum, a diamond shaped area between the thighs bordered by the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and the coccyx
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What are features that further distinguish the sexes and play a role in mate attraction?
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Secondary Sex characteristics
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What is the difference between autosomes and chromosomes?
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An autosome is any one of the 22 chromosomes that is not an X or Y chromosome.
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How is the sex of a fetus determined?
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The sex of a fetus is determined at the time of conception by the sperm and whether or not it ccarries and X or a Y chromosome. The egg always carries an X chromosome.
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What is SRY? What does it code for?
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SRY is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome that codes for protein called Testis determining factor (TDF)
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In males, which duct develops into the reproductive tract, the mesonpheric (wolffian) duct or the paramesonpheric (müllerian) duct?
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The mesonpheric duct develops into the reproductive tract in males and the paramesonpheric duct degenerates, in females the opposite is true
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What is the meaning of homologous structures? What is an example?
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When male and female organs develop from the same embryonic structure, such as the clitoris and glans penis.
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Describe the descent of the testes during embryonic development
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It can begin as early as week 6 and is caused by testosterone, but it is unclear how. The superior part of the embyronic gonad degenerates and the inferior part migrates downwards buided by the gubernaculum. During the 7th month the testes aburptly pass through the inguinal canals into the scrotum and are accomanied byt he testicular arteries and veins, lyphatic vessels, nerves, spermatic ducts, and extensions of the external oblique muscles. The vaginal process becomes separated form the peritoneal cavity and persists into a sac (the tunica vaginalis) enfolding the anterior and lateral sides of the testis
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What is cryptorchidism? What is the treatment?
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When male babies are born with undescended testes. Usually the testes descend within the first year but if not can be corrected with testosterone injection or simple surgery to dilate inguinal canal. If left untreated will cause sterility and possibly cancer
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Define the perineum. What occupies the perineum a male?
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The perineum is a diamond shaped area between the thighs bordered by the ischial tuberosities, pubic symphysis, and coccyx. In males the perineum is occupied b the external genitalia (the penis and scrotum)
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What does the cremaster muscle do? What is its function?
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It reacts to the temperature, in cold temperatures is contracts and pulls the testes closer to the body, in response to hot temperatures the cremaster relaxes and the testes are suspended further away from the body. This helps to regulate the temperature of the testes
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What is the dartos muscle, what is its function?
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The dartos muscle is a subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle that contracts in response to cold temperatures and contracts to pull the testes against the body
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What is the pampiniform plexus? Why is it so important? What is its specific function called?
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An extensive network of veins from the testis that surround the testicular artery in the spermatic cord. as it passes through the inguinal canal they converge to form the testicular vein. The pampiniform plexus serves as insulation to keep the blood from releasing to much heat into the testes by removing heat rom the descending arterial blood so by the time it reaches the testis it is 1.5 -2.5 degrees cooler than core body temperature. This specific function is calles countercurrent heat exchanger.
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Why are testes considered to be endocrine and exocrine?
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They are considered to be exocrine because they produce and release sperm and are considered to be endocrine because they produce and and release sex hormones
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Seminal vesicles contribute how much of seminal fluid?
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60% of semen is seminal vessicles
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where are the seminal vesicles located?
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they are located posterior to the bladder, and there is one seminal vesicle glad for each vas deferens
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Where is the prostate gland located?
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it is inferior to the bladder and surrounds the urethra and ejaculatory ducts that are immediately inferior to the bladder
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What does the prostate consist of?
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it is made up of 30-50 compound tubuloacinar glands enclosed in a single fibrous capsule.
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Which gland produces up to 30% of semen?
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The prostate gland
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