Chapter 22 Section 2

Front 1

Hawaii

Back 1

In 1867, Seward acquired the two small Pacific Islands of Midway.

Front 2

1790's

Back 2

Villages with good ports such as Honolulu and Lahaina began to grow in importance and trade increased - Hawaiian Islands unified by King Kamehameha I.

Front 3

Missionaries and Sugar Growers

Back 3

In 1887, in return for renewal of the trade agreement, the US pressured King Kalakaua to allow Hawaii to establish a naval base at Pearl Harbor, the best seaport in the islands.

Front 4

American Planters Revolt

Back 4

In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani came to the throne and wanted Hawaiians to take back their economic control from the Americans and sugar planters. In response, the white sugar planters overthrew Liliuokalani and set up their own provisional or temporary government in 1893.

Front 5

Annexation

Back 5

The planters revolt success was helped by American diplomat John Stevens who arranged for marines to assist in the uprising. The new government sought a treaty of Annexation to add Hawaii to the US. President Harrison signed the treaty, President Cleveland opposed and withdrew the treaty when he learned Hawaiians did not support the revolt.

Front 6

The Islands of Samoa

Back 6

3,000 miles south of Hawaii, directly on the trade route linking Australia and the US

Front 7

Spheres of influence in China

Back 7

Sections of the country where each of the foreign nations enjoyed special rights and powers.

Front 8

Rivalries in China

Back 8

Japan held the island of Formosa, and parts of mainland

Germany controlled Shandong, and east-central China

Great Britain and France held provinces

Russia held Manchuria and areas in northern China

Front 9

Open Door Policy

Back 9

Proposal under which each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations' spheres of influence.

Front 10

Boxers Rebellion

Back 10

Boxers, a secret martial arts society, led a violent uprising against the "foreign devils" in China, and many died for nearly two months, and hundres more trapped in Beijing. Foreign troops broke the siege in August 1900.

Front 11

Japan

Back 11

Ignored open door policy. To fight over Manchuria, on February 8, 1904 Japan launched an attack on the Russian fleet at Port Arthur in Southern Manchuria starting the Russo-Japanese War. One year later, resources nearly exhausted and eager to make peace.

Front 12

Treaty of Portsmouth

Back 12

Japan and Russia signed the Treaty of Portsmouth in Portsmouth, New Hampshire with President Theodore Roosevelt in September 1905: recognized Japan's control of Korea if Japan would halt expansion.

Front 13

Strained Relations

Back 13

American segregated schools for Japanese immigrants and limiting Japanese emigration caused strained relations between Japan and US. After Roosevelt sent "The Great White Fleet" of naval warships around the world to display US power, by 1909 strain was resolved.