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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry |
the science of the basic substances which make up any type of matter and the interactions between these substances |
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Matter |
anything that occupies space and has mass |
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Mass |
the amount of matter in a substance |
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Elements |
substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means, composed of only one type of atom |
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Atom |
the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of the element |
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Ions |
result when an atom gives up or gains electroms and becomes positively or negatively charged |
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Molecule |
occurs when two or more atoms (same or different atoms) share electrons and become stable |
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Compound |
a molecule that contains at least two different elements. (All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds) and can be broken down into 2 or more different elements |
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Ionic Bond |
oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other so that some gains electrons while others lose electrons dissociates in water to form ions |
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Covalent bonds |
2 or more atoms share electrons |
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Energy |
capacity to do work 3 Types: Chemical - breaking apart or forming of chem. bonds Radiant - heat or light, travels in waves Electrical - flow of electrons or ions |
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Chemical reactions |
making and breaking of bonds between atoms |
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Acids |
dissociate int o H+ ions and - anions in water |
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Bases |
dissociate into OH- and +cations in water |
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Salt |
dissociates into - anions and +cations in water act as electrolytes in solution as they can carry an electrical current of ions flowing in a specific direction |
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pH |
measure of [H+] in solution lower than 7 = acidic higher than 7 = basic or alkaline |
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Buffers |
convert strong acids or bases into weaker acids or bases in order to bring the pH back to near neutral |
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pH of blood plasma |
7.35-7.45 |
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Mixtures |
variable combinations of atoms, compounds or molecules that are not joined by chemical bonds |
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Cohesion |
tendency of molecules to stick together resulting in high surface tension |
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surface tension |
is the measure of the difficulty breaking the surface of a liquid at its boundary with air |
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Catabolic reactions |
involve the breakdown of macromolecules into their monomers, releasing energy when bonds are broken which is usually stored in the bonds of ATP hydrolysis - water is consumed |
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Anabolic Reactions |
involve the building up of macromolecules from monomers, consuming ATP and storing energy in the bonds created dehydration synthesis - water is produced |
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Cellular respiration |
during photosythesis plants store energy from sunlight in the bonds of glucose and in turn cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to release stored energy, producing ATP |
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6 Functions of Proteins |
1)structural support 2) Regulatory (hormones, neurotransmitters) 3) Contractile 4)Immunological 5)Transport 6) Catalytic |
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Characteristics of Enzymes |
1) Highly specific - have an active site specific to a certain substrate 2) Very efficient - catalyze reactions at a fast rate 3) Subject to cellular controls |
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Enzyme Inhibitors |
fit into active site of enzyme and block it or alter the enzyme shape so the substrate cannot fit into active site |
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DNA vs. RNA |
1) DNA can replicate itself, RNA cannot 2)DNA codes for all proteins, RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein production 3)DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded 4)DNA's pentose sugar is deoxyribose, RNA's is ribose 5)DNA's nitrogenous bases are C-G-A-Thyamine, RNA's are C-G-A-Uracil |
