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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Outer ear |
a funnel for conducting vibrations to the tympanic membrane -auricle- directs sound down the auditory canal -Auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)- passage leading through temporal bone to tympanic membrane |
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Tympanic membrane |
a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves. In humans and other higher vertebrates it forms the eardrum, between the outer and middle ear.
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Middle ear |
-Begins with the tympanic membrane (ear drum) -suspended in a ring-shaped groove in the temporal bone -vibrates freely in response to sound -tympanic cavity is a 2-3mm air-filled space between the tympanic membrane and the oval window |
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Sound |
Any audible vibration of molecules. -a vibrating object (e.i turning fork) pushes on air molecules -these push on other air molecules and air molecules hitting tympanic membrane cause it to vibbrate. |
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Pitch |
-Is sound high or low? (humans 20-20,000 Hz) -measured in frequency and equals the number of cycles in one second in one second, measured in hertz. -speech is 1,500-5,000hz, where hearing is most sensitive |
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Loudness |
Energy, intensity, or amplitude of the vibration -measured in amplitude and equals the distance between the areas of high and low pressure, measured in decibels. |
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Three chambers of cochlea |
-Scala vestibuli: superior chamber -begins at oval window and spirals to apex -Scala media- middle chamber -Scala tympani- inferior chamber |
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Sensory Coding |
Pitch ends on which part of basilar membrane vibrates -at basal end, membrane attached, narrow and stiff. Brain interprets signals as high-pitched -At distal end, 5 times wider and more flexible. Brain interprets signals as low pitched |
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Cochlear hair cells |
-inner hair cells (1 row of 3,500 cells)- provides for hearing -outer hair cells (3 rows of about 20k cells) -adjusts response to different frequencies -increases precision |
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List the ossicles in middle ear closest to the tympanic membrane |
1) malleus 2) Incus 3) stapes |
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Sclera |
White of the eye |
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Cornea |
translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye |
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Which type of sensory receptors are encapsulated nerve endings? |
Lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles Tactile (meissner) corpuscles end bulbs bulbous (ruffini) corpuscles |
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Iris |
Controls the diameter of the pupil |
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Pupil |
hole that allows light rays to enter the eye |
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Lens |
focuses light rays on the retina to form an image |
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Retina |
Phototransduction (light converted into neural signals) |
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optic nerve |
carries action potentials from the eye to the brain |
