Chapter 14, The Heart

Front 1

Circulation

Back 1

The continuous one way circuit of blood through the body

Front 2

The heart

Back 2

The prime mover the propels blood throught the body

Front 3

The Apex

Back 3

The pointed inferior protion directed to the left

Front 4

The base

Back 4

the broad superior base is the area of the attachment of the large vessels carrying blood into and out of the heart.

Front 5

Hollow organ

Back 5

the heart is a hollow organ with walls formed of three different layers. The endocarduium, myocardium, and epicardium.

Front 6

The hearts location

Back 6

This organ is located between the lungs in the center and a bit to the midline of the body. It occupies most the mediastinum, the central region of the thorax.

Front 7

Endocardium

Back 7

is a thin smooth layer of the epithelial cells that lines the hearts interior. The endocardium provides a smooth surface for easy flow as blood travel through the heart. Extensions of this membrane cover the flaps (cusps) of the heart valves.

Front 8

The mycocardium

Back 8

The heart muscle is the thickest layer and pumps blood through the vessels.

Front 9

The epicardium

Back 9

is a serous membrane that forms the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall.

Front 10

The Pericardium

Back 10

is the sac that encloses the heart. The outermost and heaviest layer of this sac is the fibrous pericardium.

Front 11

Fibrous pericardium

Back 11

outermost layer of the pericardium, fibrous sac, encloses and protects the heart, anchors heart to surrounding structures.

Front 12

Serous Pericardium

Back 12

Between the fibrous pericardium and the myocardium, doubled membranous sac with fluid between layers, fluid reduces friction within the pericardium as the heart functions.

Front 13

Parietal layer

Back 13

lines the fibrous pericardium, serous membrane, forms the outer layer of the serous pericardium.

Front 14

Visceral Layer

Back 14

Surface of the heart, serous membrane, forms the inner layer of the serous pericarium; also called the epicardium.

Front 15

Intercalted Disks

Back 15

Are specialized partictions between cardiac muscles. Interacalted disks are actually modified plasma membranes that firmly attach adjecnt cells to each other but allow for rapid transfer of electrical impulses between them.

Front 16

Right Atrium (upper right chamber)

Back 16

receives blood from the vena cavae and the coronary sinus; pumps blood into the right ventricle.

Front 17

Right Ventricle (Lower right chamber)

Back 17

Receives blood from the atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary atery, which carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Front 18

Left Atrium (Upper left Chamber)

Back 18

Receives oxygenated blood coming back to the heart from the lungs in the pulmonary veins; pumps blood into the left ventricle.

Front 19

Left Ventricle (lower left chamber)

Back 19

Receives blood from the left artium and pumps blood into the aorta to be carried to tissues in the systemic circuit.

Front 20

Division of the heart, refered to as the right heart, left heart.

Back 20

Because the human heart is really a double pump.

Front 21

Pulmonary Circuit

Back 21

The right side pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs through the pulmary circuit

Front 22

Systemic Circuit

Back 22

The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit. Each side of the heart is divided into 2 chambers.

Front 23

4 Chambers of the heart

Back 23

The Upper chambers of the right sids, (the Atria), are mainly blood receiving chambers.

Front 24

The ventricles

Back 24

The lower chambers on the left and right side, the ventricles are foreful pumps.

Front 25

The right Atrium

Back 25

is a thin walled chamber that receives the blood returning from the body tissues. This blood, which is low in oxygen, is carried in veins, the blood vessels leading back to the heart from the body tissue.

Front 26

The superior Vena Cava, and inferior vena cava (in the right Atrium)

Back 26

brings blood from the head, chest, and arms; the inferior vena cava delivers blood from the trunk and legs. A third vessel that opens into the right atrium brings blood from the heart muscle.

Front 27

Right Ventricle

Back 27

Location: lower right chamber.
Function: Receives blodd from the right atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary atery, which carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Front 28

Left Ventticle

Back 28

Location: Lower left chamber
Function: Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood into the aorta to be carried to tissies in the systemic ciruit.

Front 29

arrhythmia

Back 29

Is a regular variaion in the heart rate caused by changes in the rate and depth of breathing. It is a normal phenomenon.

Front 30

One complete sequence of the heart contraction and relaxation is called?

Back 30

the cardiac cycle

Front 31

Myocardium blood vessels?

Back 31

Coronary circulation

Front 32

A dilated vein that opens into the right atrium near the inferior vena cava?

Back 32

Coronary Sinus

Front 33

Atria fill with blood, which begins to flow into ventricles as soon as their walls relax?

Back 33

Diastole

Front 34

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute is termed the?

Back 34

Cardiac output