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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nitroglycerin?
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A Tablet or spray commonly prescribed to cardiac patients; acts to dilate blood vessels to increase oxygen flow to the myocardium.
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Angina?
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Pain associated with decrease blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Ischemia?
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A lack of oxygen to the myocardium
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Unstable Angina?
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A change in the pattern of stable angina, which may signify an impending myocardial infarction.
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Myocardial infarction?
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The death of heart muscle caused by a lack of oxygen.
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Identify six risk factors for cardiac disease?
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Cigarette smoking-doubles risk
Family history Men, birth control/postmenopausal women, then women Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Elevated blood cholesterol levels Obesity Sedentary life style Stress |
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List and differentiate between the symptoms of angina and myocardial infaraction?
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In MI:
Pain last longer than 15 minutes Respiratory distris my be more severe Skin cold and clammy Pulse my be rapid or slow, Irregular Hypotension and signs of shock Denial of symptom |
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Three complications of MI?
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Cardiac Arrest
Congestive heart failure Cardiogenic shock |
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Cardiogenic Shock?
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Cardiac failure whereby the heart cannot sufficiently pump blood to the rest of the circulatory system.
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Congestive Heart Failure?
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An inability of the heart to pump blood caused by heart muscle damage.
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Describe common featrues of cardiogenic shock?
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Severe MI
Severe Heart Failure Cardiac Valve muscle rupture Trauma causing excessive pressure on the heart Assessment - Abnormal mental status Collapse of peripheral veins Cold, clammy skin Rapid, shallow respirations Rapid, thready pulse lower O2 sat |
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Pulmonary Edema?
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An excessive backup of fluid in the lungs
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List five symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure?
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Short of breath
Diaphoresis Restlessness, anxiety Distended Neck veins Swollen edematous legs Weakness, fatigue Tachycardia Chest pain Cyanosis Increased Systolic blood pressure |
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Compare the signs and symptoms of right-sided and left-sided congestive heart failure?
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Left Side - Shortness of breath
Pink Frothy sputum Audible Abnormal Breath sounds, rales/wheezes Right side - Swelling, extremities and lower back Abdominal swelling Swelling of the liver and spleen Distention of the neck veins |
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Aneurysm?
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A dilation of a portion of blood vessel that may cause a weakness or tear of the vessel wall.
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Pulmonary Embolism?
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A blockage in a pulmonary artery' most often caused by a blood clot in the leg that breaks away, travels through the veins, and becomes lodged in the lungs.
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Outline three risk factors for acute pulmonary embolism and enumerate that most common clinical signs and symptoms?
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Sedentary life style
Obesity Birth Control Thrombophlebitis Long bone fracture Pregnancy Surgery Blood disease Signs/symptom Sudden, unexplained chest pain Respiratory distress/short of breath Wheezing/coughing up blood Anxiety Shock Hypotension Tachycardia |
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Hypertensive Crisis?
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A sudden increase in blood pressure that leads to problems with the nervous system, the kidneys, or the heart.
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Identify 6 symptoms of hypertensive crisis?
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Severe headache or dizziness
Decreased level of responsiveness Visual disturbances blurred or double vision. Nausea or vomiting Chest pain, shortness of breath Nosebleed - elevated blood pressure |
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Palpitation?
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Is the sensation of pounding or racing of the heart.
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Syncope?
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Is the transient state of unresponsiveness due to inadequate perfusion of the breain from which the patient has recovered.
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List 5 causes of Syncope?
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Cardiac dysrhythmias
Other types of heart disease, Nervous system disorders, Anxiety and Thyroid disease |
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Describe the cardiac conduction system?
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SA node
AV node Bundle of His RBB LBB Purkinje's Fibers |
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Dysrhythmia?
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An abnormal heart rhythm
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Asystorle?
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The absensce of any electrical activity in the heart.
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Defibrillation?
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An electrical shock delivered to the heart in order to restore an effective rhythm.
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List the rationale for early defibrillation and describe the most common electrical disturbance resulting in cardiac arrest.
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The earlier defibrillation, the faster the AED can resolve VF or V-Tech. THe more likely it will reverse the bad rytham
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Automated external defibrillatores (AEDs)
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Two types of AEDs
Fully automatic defibrillators, analyze cardiac rhythm, decide whether or not to shock and then automatically deliver a shock. Semiautomatic defibrillators - analyze the rhythm and decide if shock is advised. Then EMT-I must press button. |
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List the indications for Automated external defibrillation.
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If it was a witness arrest and you have two people available, one starts CPR and the other sets up the AED. No pulse and no Breath sounds.
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Standard placement?
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Calls for one defibrillator paddle to be placed to the right of the upper sternum. just below the right clavicle, the other just to the left of the nipple in the midaxillary line.
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Anterior-posterior placement?
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One paddle is positioned anteriorly, just to eh left of the sternal border, and the other positioned behind the heart.
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