Chapter 10 A & P

Front 1

This contains the brain and the spinal cord

Back 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Front 2

Located outside the Central Nervous System(CNS) and consists of the nerves that connect the Central Nervous System with the rest of the body

Back 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 3

These Glial Cells are often called Nerve Glue

Back 3

Neuroglia

Front 4

This common type of Glial Cell helps form the blood brain barrier

Back 4

Astrocyte

Front 5

What prevents toxic substances in the blood from entering the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord

Back 5

Blood-Brain Barrier

Front 6

These neurons carry information to the Central Nervous System

Back 6

Sensory Neurons

Front 7

These neurons carry information away from the Central Nervous System

Back 7

Motor Neurons

Front 8

Found only in the Central Nervous System, these neurons form connections between sensory and motor neurons within the Central Nervous System

Back 8

Interneurons

Front 9

Dendrites, Cell Body, and Axons are all parts of what?

Back 9

Neuron

Front 10

These treelike structures receive signals from other neurons and then transmit signals toward the cell body

Back 10

Dendrites

Front 11

What transmits signals away from the cell body?

Back 11

Axon

Front 12

Star-shaped cells present in the blood-brain barrier

Back 12

Astrocytes

Front 13

These cells line the ventricles as part of the choroid plexus

Back 13

Ependymal Cells

Front 14

These cells play a protective role and are associated with damaged tissue

Back 14

Microglia

Front 15

These cells produce Myelin Sheath for neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 15

Schwann Cells

Front 16

These cells produce Myelin Sheath for neurons in the Central Nervous System

Back 16

Oligodendrocytes

Front 17

The Neurilemma is important in the regeneration of...

Back 17

Severed Nerves

Front 18

Clusters of cell bodies located in the Central Nervous System are generally referred to as...

Back 18

Nuclei

Front 19

Neurons that are NOT encased in Myelin are called...

Back 19

Unmyelinated Neurons

Front 20

Clusters of cell bodies located in the Peripheral Nervous System are called...

Back 20

Ganglia, or Ganglion Cells

Front 21

True or False! Schwann Cells produce Myelin Sheath for neurons in the Central Nervous System?

Back 21

False! Schwann Cells produce Myelin Sheath for neurons in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 22

True or False! Oligodendrocytes produce Myelin Sheath for neurons in the Central Nervous System?

Back 22

True! Do not confuse the function of Schwann Cells with Oligodendrocytes!

Front 23

True or False! Axons receive signals from neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Back 23

False! Dendrites transmit signals TOWARD to the cell body whereas Axons transmit signals AWAY from the cell body to other neurons.

Front 24

This is an electrical signal that conveys information along a neuron

Back 24

Nerve Impulse

Front 25

Nerve impulse is also referred to as...

Back 25

Action Potential

Front 26

This refers to the electrical charge difference across the membrane of the resting neuron

Back 26

Resting Membrane Potential

Front 27

As the electrical state of a cell changes from negative to positive, it is....

Back 27

Depolarized

Front 28

As the electrical state of a cell returns to its resting state, following depolarization, it does what?

Back 28

Repolarizes

Front 29

The degree of depolarization that must be attained for the neuron to completely depolarize

Back 29

Threshold Potential

Front 30

The outward leak of Potassium is responsible for...

Back 30

Resting membrane potential

Front 31

The rapid inward diffusion of Sodium causes...

Back 31

Depolarization

Front 32

The rapid outward diffusion of Potassium causes...

Back 32

Repolarization

Front 33

True or False! The rapid outward diffusion of Potassium causes Depolarization.

Back 33

False! The rapid outward diffusion of Potassium causes Repol

Front 34

True or False! The rapid inward diffusion of Potassium causes Depolarization.

Back 34

False! It is the inward infusion of SODIUM that causes Depolarization, not Potassium.

Front 35

The "Jumping" from node to node, in relation to nerve impulse, is called...

Back 35

Saltatory Conduction

Front 36

This helps information move chemically from one neuron to the next

Back 36

Synapse

Front 37

The synaptic cleft, receptors, neurotransmitters, and inactivators are all parts of what?

Back 37

Synapse

Front 38

These types of Glial cells line the inside cavities of the brain and help from the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 38

Ependymal Cells

Front 39

White Fatty Material that surrounds the axonal increase the rate at which the electrical signal travels along the axon

Back 39

Myelin Sheath

Front 40

Short segments of the axonal membrane that are NOT covered by Myelin Sheath

Back 40

Node of Ranvier

Front 41

What is the largest part of the brain?

Back 41

Cerebrum

Front 42

True or False! The Cerebellum is the largest part of the brain

Back 42

False! The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, not the Cerebellum

Front 43

Central hemispheres are joined together by bands of white matter that form a large fiber tract called...

Back 43

Corpus Callosum

Front 44

True or False! The Temporal Lobe receives sensory information from the nose in an area called the OlFactory Area

Back 44

True! The Temporal Lobe is associated with smell, along with hearing, taste, memory storage, and part of the speech area

Front 45

True or False! The Limbic System is often called the emotional brain

Back 45

True! The Limbic System functions in emotional stages and behavior.

Front 46

True or False! The Frontal Lobe is called the Emotional Brain.

Back 46

False! Even though the Front Lobe is associated with personality, behavior, and emotional expression... it is not referred to as the emotional brain. The Limbic System is referred to as the emotional brain.

Front 47

What are the four lobes located in the Cerebrum.

Back 47

Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, and Temporal Lobe

Front 48

This part of the Cerebrum is associated with executive functions

Back 48

Frontal Lobe

Front 49

The part of the Frontal Lobe concerned with motor speech is called...

Back 49

Broca's Area

Front 50

This part of the Cerebrum is called the Primary Somatosensory Area

Back 50

Parietal Lobe

Front 51

This part of the Cerebrum is concerned with Vision, Vision-Related Reflexes and Functions

Back 51

Occipital Lobe

Front 52

Name the two parts of the Diencephalon

Back 52

Thalmus and Hypothalmus

Front 53

This part of the Diencephalon serves as a relay station for sensory fibers. It also gives us an awareness of pain.

Back 53

Thalamus

Front 54

This part of the Diencephalon regulates body temperature, metabolism, and water balance

Back 54

Hypothalamus

Front 55

This connects the spinal cord with higher brain structures

Back 55

Brain stem

Front 56

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

Back 56

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongta

Front 57

This part of the brain stem plays an important role in the regulation of breathing rate and rhythm

Back 57

Pons

Front 58

This part of the brain stem is often called the Vital Center, since it controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Back 58

Medulla Oblongta

Front 59

True or False! The Midbrain is part of the Cerebrum.

Back 59

False! The Midbrain is part of the brain stem.

Front 60

True or False! The Thalamus regulates body temperature.

Back 60

False! The Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, not the Thalamus.

Front 61

True or False! The Temporal Lobe is part of the Cerebrum.

Back 61

True! The Temporal Lobe is one of the four lobes within the Cerebrum.

Front 62

True or False! The Medulla Oblongta contains the vomiting center of the brain.

Back 62

True! Emesis, or vomiting, is controlled by the Medulla Oblongta. GROSS!!

Front 63

True or False! The Cerebellum protrudes from under the occipital lobe.

Back 63

True! The Cerebellum is located under the occipital lobe and near the brain stem.

Front 64

This part of the brain is concerned with the coordination of voluntary of muscle activity and maintaining Equilibrium and Posture

Back 64

Cerebullum

Front 65

True or False! The Limbic System is involved with the coordination of voluntary muscle activity.

Back 65

False! The Cerebellum is involved with the coordination of voluntary muscle activity, whereas the Limbic System regulates emotions and behavior.

Front 66

A mass of gray matter associated with the cerebral cortex is called...

Back 66

Reticular Formation

Front 67

Three layers of Connective Tissue surround the brain and spinal cord. These tissues are called...

Back 67

Meninges

Front 68

Name the 3 layers of the Meninges, from outermost to innermost

Back 68

1.Dura

2.Arachnoia

3.Pia

Front 69

True or False! The Arachnoid layer of the Meninges is the outermost layer of the Meninges

Back 69

False! The Dura is the outmost layer of the Meninges, whereas the Arachnid layer is between the Dura and the Pia.

Front 70

The small space beneath the Dura is called the...

Back 70

Subdural Space

Front 71

The layer between the Arachnoid and the Pia is called...

Back 71

Subarachnoid Space

Front 72

This fluid forms a protective layer around the brain and spinal cord.

Back 72

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Front 73

The Cerebrospinal Fluid is formed within ventricles of the brain by a structure called the...

Back 73

Choroid Plexus