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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
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cell
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An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
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microscope
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A light microscope that has more than one lens.
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compound microscope
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A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
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cell theory
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The ability to make things look larger than they are.
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magnification
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A curved lens in which the center is thicker than the edges.
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convex lens
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The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object.
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resolution
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A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
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organelle
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A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
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cell wall
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A cell structure that forms the outside boundary of a cell and that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
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cell membrane
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A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities and that contain information that determines the cell's characteristics;also, the central core of an atom which contains protons and usually neutrons.
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nucleus
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Material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information.
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chromatin
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The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus in which cell structures are found; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane.
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cytoplasm
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Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's functions.
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mitochondrion
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A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
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endoplasmic
reticulum |
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A small grainlike structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
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ribosome
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A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them,
and distributes them to other parts of the cell. |
Golgi body
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A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
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chloroplast
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A water filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.
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vacuole
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A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
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lysosome
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element
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A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
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atom
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The smallest unit of an element
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compound
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A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.
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molecule
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The smallest unit of most compounds
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organic compound
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A compound that contains carbon
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inorganic compound
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A compound that does not contain carbon
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carbohydrate
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Energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, they are a major source of energy and provide the raw materials to make parts of cells.
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protein
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Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within the cells, also large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur, also polymers of amino acid.
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amino acid
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small molecules that are linked together chemically to form large molecules; also 20 kinds of organic compounds that are monomers of proteins.
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enzyme
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A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
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nucleic acid
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A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen. hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that contains instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life; examples are DNA and RNA
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
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RNA
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Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.
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selectively permeable
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A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot.
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lipid
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An energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and; fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol are lipids.
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diffusion
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The process by which molecules move from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated
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osmosis
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The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
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passive transport
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The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
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active transport
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The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
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