Chapter 1

Front 1

Define Cognitive psychology

Back 1

The study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.

Front 2

Define Developmental psychology

Back 2

The study of how thought and behavior change and remained stable across the lifespan.

Front 3

Define Behavioral neuroscience

Back 3

The study of the links among brain mind and behavior.

Front 4

Define Personality psychology

Back 4

The study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations

Front 5

Define Social psychology

Back 5

The study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior

Front 6

Define Clinical psychology

Back 6

The diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological help.

Front 7

Define Counseling psychology

Back 7

Related field of clinical psychology, tend to work with less severe psychological disorders than clinical psychologists

Front 8

Define Health psychology

Back 8

The study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness

Front 9

Define Educational psychology

Back 9

The study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching. School psychology is a related field which is basically a counselor

Front 10

Define Industrial psychology

Back 10

involves matching employees to their jobs and uses psychological principles and methods to select employees and evaluate job performance. sometimes referred to as personnel psychology

Front 11

Define Organizational psychology

Back 11

Aims to make workers more productive and satisfied by considering how work environments and management styles influence worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity.

Front 12

Define Industrial/organizational psychology

Back 12

The application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings.

Front 13

Define Sports psychology

Back 13

The study of psychological factors in sports and exercise

Front 14

Define Forensic psychology

Back 14

The field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice.

Front 15

Define Psychology

Back 15

The scientific study of thought and behavior

Front 16

Define Asylums

Back 16

Facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century

Front 17

Define moral treatment

Back 17

The 19th century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment

Front 18

The first major proponent of humane therapies?

Back 18

Frenchman Philippe Pinel in 1783

Front 19

Who established the view that knowledge and thoughts come from experience?

Back 19

John Locke

Front 20

Define empiricism

Back 20

the view that knowledge and thoughts come from experience

Front 21

psychophysics

Back 21

The study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli, such as light, sound waves, and touch

Front 22

Who is considered the founder of American psychology?

Back 22

William James

Front 23

Define structuralism

Back 23

A 19th century school of psychology created by Wilhelm Wundt that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offered the best way to understand thought and behavior

Front 24

Define introspection

Back 24

The main method of investigation for structuralists; it involves looking into one's own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience.

Front 25

Define functionalism

Back 25

A 19th century school of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe its parts. Most famous functionalist is William James.

Front 26

Define behaviorism

Back 26

A school of psychology created by John Watson that proposed that psychology could be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives

Front 27

Define humanistic psychology and who created it?

Back 27

A theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential. Maslow and Carl Rogers created it.

Front 28

Define Positive psychology

Back 28

A scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning.

Front 29

Define Gestalt psychology and who led it?

Back 29

A theory of psychology that maintains that we perceive things as wholes rather than as a compilation of parts. Led by Max Wertheimer in Germany.

Front 30

What is the nature-only view in the nature-nature debate?

Back 30

That who we are comes from inborn tendencies and genetically based traits

Front 31

What is the nature-nurture debate?

Back 31

Arguments over what determines our personality and behavior, innate biology or life experience.

Front 32

Can psychology be classified as nature or nurture in the nature-nurture debate?

Back 32

NO

Front 33

Define softwiring

Back 33

In contrast to hardwiring, biological systems-genes, brain structures, and brain cells- are inherited but open to modification from the environment.

Front 34

Define nature through nurture

Back 34

The position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do.

Front 35

Define mind-body dualism and who created it?

Back 35

States that the mind and the body are separate entities, where the mind controls the body and the body can occasionally control the mind too, but mainly when we abandon good judgment, such as in the throes of passion. Created by Rene Descartes.

Front 36

Adaptation

Back 36

Inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success.

Front 37

Define evolutionary psychology

Back 37

The branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors.