Chapt. 15 Vocab

Front 1

DE FACTO SEGREGATION

Back 1

Racial imbalances not directly caused by official action but rather by neighborhood residential patterns.

Front 2

BUSING

Back 2

In public schools, the attempt to overcome racial imbalances by assigning pupils to schools by race rather than residence and therefore requiring the busing of students.

Front 3

STRICT SCRUTINY

Back 3

Supreme Court standard used to determine whether a law has violated a person's or group's rights under the due process and equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution

Front 4

"WHITE FLIGHT"

Back 4

The movement of white residents to suburbs in response to increasing numbers and percentages of minorities in neighborhoods and schools in the central cities.

Front 5

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Back 5

Programs pursued by governments or private businesses to overcome the results of past discriminatory treatment of minorities and/or women by giving these groups special or preferential treatment in employment, promotion, admissions, and other activities.

Front 6

REGENTS OFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V. BAKKE

Back 6

Early case challenging affirmative action; ruling that race may be considered a "plus" factor but banning specific quotas.

Front 7

"SET-ASIDE" PROGRAM

Back 7

Governments requiring a certain percentage of contracts to go to minority contractors.

Front 8

CALIFORNIA CIVIL RIGHTS INITIATIVE

Back 8

An initiative that changed California's constitution to include a ban on race or gender preferences, which made some forms of affirmative action illegal.

Front 9

HISPANIC

Back 9

A general reference to persons of Spanish-speaking ancestry and culture. Hispanics are an ethnic group, not a race.

For example, there are black Hispanics.

Front 10

TRIBES

Back 10

Semi-sovereign Native American nations recognized by the U.S. government and exercising self-government on trust lands and reservations.

Front 11

COMPARABLE WORTH

Back 11

The argument that pay levels for traditionally male and traditionally female jobs should be equalized either by employers or by government laws and regulations.

Front 12

PRO-CHOICE

Back 12

Those who feel that a woman should be permitted to make choices about her own body, including whether to have an abortion.

Front 13

PRO-LIFE

Back 13

Those who support a ban on most abortions, generally based on their belief in the sanctity of life, including the life of the unborn child, which they believe deserves the protection of law.

Front 14

CIVIL UNIONS

Back 14

A legal status some states give to same-sex couples that provide rights, responsibilities, and benefits similar to those of opposite-sex civil marriages.

Front 15

Segregation

Back 15

Separation of people by race; mandated by law in schools and public facilities in southern states prior to the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, and prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Front 16

Separate But Equal

Back 16

The ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896 that segregated facilities were lawful as long as the facilities were equal; a ruling reversed by the Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954.

Front 17

Fair Housing

Back 17

Anti-Discrimination in the sale and rental of housing to minorities.

Front 18

NAACP

Back 18

The largest African American civil rights organization; sponsored historic desegregation case in 1954.