Cerebrum And Cortical Areas

Front 1

4 main sulci of the cerebrum

Back 1

Central Sulcus

Lateral Sulcus

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

Calcarine Sulcus

Front 2

Another term for central sulcus

Back 2

Fissure of Rolando

Front 3

Another term for lateral sulcus

Back 3

Sylvian fissure

Front 4

T/F Lobes are named according to the cranial bones under which they lie

Back 4

True

Front 5

Four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Back 5

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

Front 6

Lobe that is anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral sulcus

Back 6

Frontal lobe

Front 7

Gyrus of the frontal lobe

Back 7

Precentral

Superior

Inferior

Front 8

Sulci of the frontal lobe

Back 8

Precental

Superior

Middle

Inferior

Front 9

Anterior and ascending rami of lateral sulcus divide inferior frontal gyrus into

Back 9

pars orbitalis

pars triangularis

pars opercularis

Front 10

Most ventral part of the inferior frontal gyrus which extends up until the lateral orbital sulcus

Back 10

Pars orbitalis

Front 11

Part of the inferior frontal gyrus which is the middle triangularly-shaped part of the gyrus

Back 11

Pars triangularis

Front 12

Part of the inferior frontal gyrus which refers to the most dorsal vertically oriented part of the gyrus, that covers the insula

Back 12

Pars opercularis

Front 13

The pars opercularis covers the?

Back 13

Insula

Front 14

Which parts of the inferior frontal gyrus are referred to as the Broca's Speech area?

Back 14

Found in the dominant hemisphere (aka if right-handed ka, then left hemisphere), the pars opercularis and pars triangularis

Front 15

Sulcus of the Parietal Lobe

Back 15

Postcentral

Intraparietal sulcus

Front 16

Gyrus of the Parietal lobe

Back 16

Postcentral

Superior parietal Lobule

Inferior parietal lobule

Front 17

Sulci which extends into inferior parietal lobule

Back 17

Supramarginal gyrus around lateral sulcus

Angular gyrus around superior temporal sulcus

Arcus Temporo-Occipitalis around Inferior Temporal Sulcus

Front 18

Lobe that occupies the area inferior to the lateral sulcus

Back 18

Temporal lobe

Front 19

Sulci of the temporal lobe

Back 19

Superior and Middle temporal sulci

Front 20

Gyrus of the temporal lobe

Back 20

Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri

Front 21

Lobe that occupies the small area behind the parieto-occipital sulcus

Back 21

Occipital lobe

Front 22

Sulci of the occipital lobe

Back 22

lateral occipital sulcus

Lunate sulcus

Transverse sulcus

Front 23

Gyrus of occipital lobe

Back 23

Cuneus gyrus

Lingual (lateral occipitotemporal) gyrus

Fusiform (medial occipitotemporal) gyrus

Front 24

Cortex on the calcarine fissure which contains a light band of myelinated fibers in layer 4 which is the site of termination of visual afferents from the lateral geniculate body

Back 24

Striate cortex/Primary visual cortex

Front 25

Sunken portion of the cerebral cortex that lies in the bottom of a deep fold within the lateral cerebral fissure which can be exposed by separating the upper and lower lips of the lateral fissure

Back 25

Insula

Front 26

upper and lower lips of the lateral fissure

Back 26

Opercula

Front 27

Composed of myelinated nerve fibers of many sizes supported by neuroglia

Back 27

White matter

Front 28

3 classfications of white matter based on connections

Back 28

Commissure fibers

Projection Fibers

Association Fibers

Front 29

White matter that connects corresponding regions of the two hemispheres

Back 29

Commissure fibers

Front 30

5 commissure Fibers

Back 30

Corpus callosum

Anterior commissure

Posterior commissure

Fornix

Habenular commissure

Front 31

White matter that connects various cortical regions within the same hemisphere

Back 31

Association fibers

Front 32

Kinds of Association fibers

Back 32

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

Short association fibers

long association fibers

Uncinate fasciculus

Cingulum

Front 33

Fibers where afferent and efferent fibers are passing to and from the brainstem to the entire cerebral cortex

Back 33

Projection fibers

Front 34

The projection fibers make a compact band called the ______

Back 34

Internal capsule

Front 35

Internal capsule is flanked medially by (caudate/lentiform) nucleus

Back 35

Caudate

Front 36

Internal capsule is flanked laterally by the (caudate/lentiform) nucleus

Back 36

Lentiform

Front 37

Projection fibers which radiate in all directions to the cerebral cortex

Back 37

Corona radiata

Front 38

Projection fibers which radiate toward the calcarine sulcus`

Back 38

Optic radiation

Front 39

This allows blood that enters by either internal carotid or vertebral arteries to be distributed to any part of both cerebral hemispheres

Back 39

Circle of willis

Front 40

Artieries that contribute to the circle

Back 40

Anterior Communicating arteries

Anterior cerebral arteries

Internal carotid arteries

Posterior communicating arteries

Posterior cerebral arteries

Basilar arteries

Front 41

Nerve cells of the cerebral cortex

Back 41

Pyramidal cells

Stellate cells

Fusiform cells

Horizontal cells of Cajal

Cells of Martinotti

Front 42

Nerve cell of the cerebral cortex that is shaped like a tepee; cell bodies measure 10-50 micrometers

Back 42

Pyramidal cells

Front 43

Pyramidal cells' apical dendrites extend __________ while basilar dendrites extend ___________

Back 43

Apical - extend towards cortical surface

Basilar - extend horizontally

Front 44

Axons of pyramidal cells form what fibers?

Back 44

Associaton and projection fibers

Front 45

In Layer 5 or the ganglionic layer, pyramidal neurons project axons to the ______ and ______

Back 45

Spinal cord and brain stem

Front 46

Which layers of the cerebral cortex do pyramidal cells send association axons to other cortical areas?

Back 46

Layer 2 (External arganular layer)

Layer 3 (External pyramidal layer)

Front 47

Nerve cell of the cerebral cortex which is star-shaped/polgonal and function as interneurons; cell bodies measure 8 micrometers

Back 47

Stellate neurons

Front 48

Dendrites of stellate neurons extend_______

Back 48

In all directions

Front 49

T/F Stellate neuron axons go beyond the cortex

Back 49

False they remain within the cortex

Front 50

Nerve cells in the cerebral cortex found in deeper layers of the cortex and give rise to corticothalamic projections

Back 50

Fusiform neurons

Front 51

Fusiform neurons have a large dendrite which extend towards ______

Back 51

Surface of the cortex

Front 52

Nerve cell of the cerebral cortex which are small, fusiform, horizontally oriented cells found in the most superficial layers of the cortex

Back 52

Horizontal cells of Cajal

Front 53

Horizontal cells of Cajal axons run parallel to the surface and makes contact with the dendrites of what other nerve cells

Back 53

Pyramidal

Front 54

Nerve cells of the cerebral cortex which are small, multipolar cells that are present throughout the levels of the cortex

Back 54

Cells of Martinotti

Front 55

Cells of Martinotti axons end in _________

Back 55

Layer 1 (Molecular layer)

Front 56

Nerve fibers of the cerebral cortex are arranged either ________ and ________

Back 56

Radially and tangentially

Front 57

Nerve fibers that run at right angles to the cortical surface

Back 57

Radial fibers

Front 58

Types of radial fibers

Back 58

Projection, association, commissural fibers (terminate within cortex)

Pyramidal, stellate, fusiform cells (leave the cortex)

Front 59

Nerve fibers which run parallel to the cortical surface and are for the most part collateral and terminal branches of afferent fibers

Back 59

Tangential fibers

Front 60

What layers are the tangential fibers most concentrated

Back 60

Layer 4 and 5

Front 61

Tangential fibers in layer 4 are known as

Back 61

Outer band of Baillarger

Front 62

Tangential fibers in layer 5 are known as

Back 62

Outer bands of baillarger

Front 63

OUter band of baillarger which is so thick it can be seen with the naked eye

Back 63

Stria of Gennari

Front 64

Cortex found in the limbic system

Back 64

Allocortex

Front 65

How many layers can be seen in an allocortex

Back 65

3

Front 66

Cortex found in most of the cerebral hemisphere

Back 66

Isocortex (Neocortex)

Front 67

How many layers are seen in the isocortex?

Back 67

6 well-defined layers

Front 68

Cortex that forms the transition between allocoortex and isocortex; found in regions like cingulate gyrus and insula

Back 68

Juxtallocortex (mesocortex)

Front 69

How many layers are seen in Juxtallocortex

Back 69

3-6

Front 70

Specialized cortical area for the frontal lobe names

Back 70

Primary motor cortex (4)

Premotor cortex (6)

Frontal eye field (8)

Broca's area (44,45)

Front 71

Specialized cortical area for the parietal lobe names

Back 71

Primary sensory cortex (3,1,2)

Front 72

Specialized cortical area for the occipital lobe names

Back 72

Striate cortex/Primary visual cortex (17)

Extrastriate/Visual association cortex (18,19)

Front 73

Specialized cortical area for the temporal lobe names

Back 73

Primaryy auditory (41)

Associative auditory (42)

Wernicke's Area (22)

Front 74

Cortex found on the anterior wall of the central sulcus which controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body

Back 74

Primary motor cortex

Front 75

The primary motor cortex contains giant pyramidal cells also known as

Back 75

Betz cells

Front 76

What cortex is affected when an irritative lesion can cause seizures known as jacksonian epilepsy?

Back 76

Primary motor cortex

Front 77

Which cortex is affected when destructive lesions in the Primary motor cortex can result into contralateral flaccid paresis or paralysis

Back 77

Primary motor cortex

Front 78

Cortex found in the postcentral gyrus that receives touch and proprioceptive sensations from the opposite side of the body; functions as the secondary sensory cortex

Back 78

Primary sensory cortex

Front 79

Which cortex is affetced when irritative lesions produce parethesias?

Back 79

Primary sensory cortex

Front 80

Which cortex is affected when destructive lesions lead to impairments in sensibility?

Back 80

Primary sensory cortex

Front 81

Cortex found in the occipital lobe that processes visual information

Back 81

Primary visual cortex (area 17)

Front 82

Cortex that integrates visual stimuli

Back 82

Visual association cortex (area 18 and 19)

Front 83

What cortex is affected when there is visual disorganization?

Back 83

Visual Association cortex (Area 18&19)

Front 84

What cortex is affected when pt experiences visual hallucinations or homonymous defects in visual fields?

Back 84

Primary Visual Cortex (Area 17)

Front 85

Crotex found in transverse temporal gyrus that receives auditory input from both ears; tonotopic organization

Back 85

Primary auditory receptive cortex

Front 86

What cortex is affected when irritation can cause pt to hear buzzing sensations?

Back 86

Primary auditory receptive cortex

Front 87

What brodman area is affected when a lesion can lead to mild hearing loss or pure word deafness?

Back 87

Area 22