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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell theory |
-all living things are composed of cells -are basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are formed from existing cells |
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What is the basic unit of life |
The cell |
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What is the nucleus |
Large membrane enclosed structure that holds the DNA |
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Which type of cell contains a nucleus |
Eukaryotes |
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Which type of cell doesn't contain a nucleus? |
Prokaryotes |
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Which type of cells do bacteria have? |
Prokaryotes |
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Which type of cells do plants, animals, fungi, and protists have? |
Eukaryotes |
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What are organelles? |
Specialized little organs on cells |
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What is cytoplasm? |
A fluid outside the nucleus. |
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What cells are chloroplast only in? |
They are only in plant cells |
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What is the nuclear envelope? |
Two membranes that surround the nucleus |
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What instructions are in the DNA? |
Instructions for making proteins and other important molecules |
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What does the nucleus consist of? |
Nearly all of the cells DNA |
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What consists of DNA bound to protein? |
Chromatin |
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What does chromatin condense into to form? |
It condenses to form chromosomes |
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Where does the assembly of ribosomes begin? |
It begins in the nucleolus |
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What do most nucleus contain? |
Most contain a nucleolus |
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What are proteins assembled on? |
Ribosomes |
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What are ribosomes? |
Small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm |
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What do ribosomes produce? |
They produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus |
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Cells that are active in protein synthesis are often packed with what? |
Ribosomes |
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What is assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum? |
Lipid components, proteins, and other materials that are released out of the cell |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum has what |
Ribosomes |
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What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum have |
Ribosomes |
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What is rough ER involved in |
Some protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch |
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What is smooth ER involved in the production of |
Protein production and steroid hormones and metabolism of fats |
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What is the Golgi apparatus function? |
Modify, sort, and package proteins from the ER for storage or release in the cell |
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What are lysosomes |
Organelles filled with enzymes |
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What are lysosomes like |
They are like a clean up crew |
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Function of lysosomes |
Breakdown of lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
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What do vacuoles do |
Store materials |
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What are mitochondria |
The power house of the cell. It converts energy in food that make it easier for the cell to use |
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What are chloroplasts |
They are organelles that use sunlight to do photosynthesis |
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What is the cytoskeletons function |
Giving shape to the cell and supporting it |
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What do centrioles help with |
Cell division |
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Centrioles aren't found in what type of cells |
Plant cells |
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What is the cell membrane |
A flexible barrier that surrounds the cell |
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What is the cell wall |
A strong supporting layer around the cell |
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What is the lipid bilayer |
A double layered sheet with two layers of lipids |
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What is diffusion |
The moving of particles from a concentrated area to a less concentrated area |
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Cells diffuse across the membrane without requiring it to use what |
Energy |
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What is osmosis |
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Isotonic means... |
Same strength |
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Hypertonic means... |
Above strength |
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Hypotonic means... |
Below strength |
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What is facilitates diffusion |
When the cell membrane channels are asked to help transport glucose across the membrane |
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What is active transport |
When cells move move materials in the opposite direction against a concentration difference |
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What is endocytosis |
The process of taking materials into the cell by unfolding of the cell membrane |
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What is phagocytosis |
When extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it in a food vacuole |
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What is pinocytosis |
When tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to make vacuoles |
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What happens during exocytosis |
The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material mixes with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
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Which dominates life on earth. Unicellular or multicellular |
Unicellular |
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What do multicellular organisms depend on? |
Communication and cooperation among specialized cells |
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What is cell specialization |
Where cells throughout an organism develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
