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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Normal EF |
60% |
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Increased pulse pressure does what to cardiac output |
Decreases cardiac output |
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3 causes of metabolic acidosis |
Renal failure, lactic acidosis, DKA |
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2 goals of critical care |
Enhance oxygen delivery, decrease oxygen demand |
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What increases oxygen demand? |
Anything that uses O2 (movement, pain) |
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What happens when peep is increased in ARDs? |
Decrease cardiac output |
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Pressure in the right ventricle is... |
Low |
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What happens in right ventricular failure? |
Ventricle dilates, blood backs up into right atrium and SVC and inferior vena cava --> tachycardia, JVD & hepatic congestion *lungs will be clear, CVP is increased |
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Causes of right ventricular failure |
Acute right ventricular infarction, PE, elevated pulmonary pressure |
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Treatment of right ventricular failure |
Give volume (20-30ml/kg) |
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What happens in left ventricular failure? |
LV dilates, blood backs up into LA and into pulmonary veins --> increased pulmonary pressure and pulmonary edema * tachycardia, tales, tachypnea |
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Causes of LV failure |
Acute left ventricular infarction, cardiomyopathies |
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LV failure treatment |
Fluid restriction, diuresis |
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RCA perfuses |
Right atrium, right ventricle, inferior left ventricle |
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RCA occlusion causes what rhythms? |
Bradycardia, 1st degree HB |
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LCA perfuses |
Left main |
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Left circ. Perfuses |
Left atrium, lateral left ventricle wall |
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LAD perfuses |
Anterior and apex of LV, 2/3 ventricular septum |
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LAD occlusion causes what rhythms? |
VT, Vfib |
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During what part of the cardiac cycle do coronaries fill? |
Diastole |
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What is stroke volume |
Amount of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction |
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What is preload? |
Amount of volume returned to the ventricle at the end of diastole |
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SV= |
Preload, afterload, contractility |
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How to treat when preload is overloaded |
NTG (low dose) vasodilates, diuretic |
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What is afterload |
Workload of the ventricle to pump the blood out |
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How to treat when preload is low |
Give volume |
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If SV is up CO is |
Down |
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Drugs to reduce afterload |
ACE, ARB (Angio-receptor blockers : Diovan), alpha antagonists : hydralazine (needed q6/q8); clonidine (allows vascular relaxation), BB, CaCh blockers : Norvasc |
Vascular smooth muscle relaxers, decrease the workload of the left ventricle |
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Drugs to increase afterload |
Levo, Vaso, Neo, Dopa (10-20 mcg/kg for vasoconstriction) |
Increase arterial tone, vasoconstrictors |
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Contractility |
Ability of the ventricular muscle to contract and eject blood |
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Drugs that improve contractility |
Dig, Dobutamine, Milrinone, Dopa (5mcg/kg) |
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