Ccnp Route, Chapter 19 - Introduction To Ipv6

Front 1

What are some of the changes to IPv6 from IPv4?

Back 1

• Address Assignment
• Address Renumbering
• Mobility Support
• No NAT/PAT
• IPSec built into protocol
• IPv6 has smaller headers
• No Brodacasts
• Migration Tools

Front 2

IPv6 Changes: Address Assignment Features

Back 2

There are new ways to assign IPv6 address to network devices. DHCP has been upgraded but there is also something new called stateless Autoconfiguration.

Front 3

IPv6 Changes: Address Renumbering

Back 3

Renumbering an IPv4 network is not so much fun. Renumbering an IPv6 network is easier because there's a method to change your IPv6 prefix rather easily

Front 4

IPv6 Changes: Mobility Support

Back 4

IPv6 has features so a mobile device can move around the network and keep the same IPv6 address wherever you are

Front 5

IPv6 Changes: No need for NAT/PAT

Back 5

We have so much address space that we don't need any translation of network addresses or ports anymore

Front 6

IPv6 Changes: IPSec

Back 6

IPSec is built into the protocol

Front 7

IPv6 Changes: Headers

Back 7

IPv6 has smaller headers

Front 8

IPv6 Changes: Broadcast Traffic

Back 8

IPv6 doesn't use any layer 3 broadcasts anymore

Front 9

IPv6 Changes: Migration tools

Back 9

IPV4 and IPv6 are not compatible with each other so we need tools to make the migration nice and easy

Front 10

IPv6 has ________ bit address

Back 10

128 bit address

Front 11

IPv4 has _________ bit address

Back 11

32 bit address

Front 12

Every additional bit does what to the addresses?

Back 12

Every additional bit doubles the number of IP adresses

Front 13

What kind of traffic does IPv6 have?

Back 13

• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast

Front 14

What is unicast?

Back 14

Same as with IPv4. You can have multiple IPv6 addresses on an interface.

Front 15

What is multicast?

Back 15

We use multicast even more for IPv6 since we don't have broadcast traffic anymore

Front 16

What is anycast?

Back 16

You can have the same IPv6 address on multiple hosts and your routers will make sure you are routed to the closest destination

NOTE:

You could use this for load balancing

Front 17

IPv4 has public and private IP addresses and IPv6 has something similar but different. What are they?

Back 17

• Unique local
• Link-local
• Global Unicast

Front 18

What is unique local

Back 18

This is the equivalent of IPv4 address. you should use these on your own network and not on the internet.

Front 19

What is the prefix for unique local?

Back 19

FD00::/8

Front 20

Each IPv6 device will have _______________ address.

Back 20

Link Local Address

Front 21

Link-Local Scope

Back 21

This is when packets sent between link-local addresses and will remain on the link and will not be forwarded by routers to other subnets.

Front 22

What is the prefix for Link Local?

Back 22

FE80::/10

Front 23

What are global unicast addresses used for?

Back 23

These are used on the internet.

NOTE:

Most devices will use this

Front 24

What is the prefix for global unicast?

Back 24

2000:/3

Front 25

What is a site local address?

Back 25

This was to be used for internal networks but has been depreciated.

NOTE:

This is not going to be used

Front 26

What is the prefix for site local?

Back 26

FECO::/10

Front 27

What is an "unspecified" IPv6 address?

Back 27

This will show up as ::/128 and is used when your host has no usable IPv6 addresses.

Front 28

What is a "Loopback" Ipv6 address?

Back 28

The same as IPv4 127.0.0.1 but for IPv6 we use ::1/128

Front 29

What is the prefix for multicast?

Back 29

FF::/8

Front 30

What are the multicast addresses for OSPF?

Back 30

224.0.0.5 or FF02::5

224.0.0.6 or FF02::6

Front 31

What is the multicast address for EIGRP?

Back 31

224.0.0.10 or FFO2::A

Front 32

What is the multicast address for RIP?

Back 32

224.0.0.9 or FF09::9

Front 33

What are the two options when we configure IPv6?

Back 33

• Manual (static)
• Dynamic (DHCP)

Front 34

When configuring IPv6 what is a good rule of thumb?

Back 34

Most of the commands are the same for IPV6, you just need to type IPv6 instead of ip.

Front 35

What is EUI-64?

Back 35

User can manually configure IPv6 address

Explanation:

Extended Unique Identifier (EUI), as per RFC2373, allows a host to assign iteslf a unique 64-Bit IP Version 6 interface identifier (EUI-64).

Front 36

What two parts does the IPv6 address consist of?

Back 36

The prefix (equivalent to IPv4)
Interface ID (which uniquely identify the host)

Front 37

How do you create an interface ID?

Back 37

Split the mac address in half and put FF:FE in the middle.

Front 38

What is Stateless autoconfiguration?

Back 38

This is another method to give network devices an IPv6 address automatically

NOTE:

sometimes referred to as mini DHCP

Front 39

What is NDP?

Back 39

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

It operates in the link layer of the Internet model (RFC 1122)

• autoconfiguration of nodes
• discovery of other nodes on the link,
• determining the link layer addresses of other nodes
• duplicate address detection
• finding available routers
• Domain Name System (DNS) servers
• address prefix discovery
• maintaining reachability information about the paths to other active neighbor node

Front 40

NDP offers two main things, what are they?

Back 40

RS (Route Solicitation)
RA (Router Advertisement)
NOTE:
These help an IPv6 device to automatically configure an IPv6 address

Front 41

IPv6 unicats-routing command

Back 41

This command is required to finish the IPv6 configuration in order to have your router route.

Front 42

What command allows your router to generate its own IPv6 address?

Back 42

ipv6 address autoconfig

Front 43

How do you debug neighbor discovery in IPv6?

Back 43

debug ipv6 nd

Front 44

What command allows you to see the cached router advertisements?

Back 44

show ipv6 routers

Front 45

What is DHCP called for IPv6?

Back 45

DHCPv6

Front 46

How does DHCPv6 work?

Back 46

Since we don't use broadcasts anymore, IPv6 device will send multicast packets to FF02::1:2 Routers will forward these packets to DHCP servers

Front 47

What replaces arp?

Back 47

neighbor discovery

Front 48

What command allows you to see the mapping between IPv6 and and mac addresses?

Back 48

show ipv6 neighbors

Front 49

What is DAD?

Back 49

Duplicate Address Detection

IPv6 will send a neighbor solicitation to the solicited node multicast address but based on its own IPv6 address.