Cardiovascular Part 5 And Immune System Physiology

Front 1

Hemostasis

Back 1

Process if stopping bleeding

Front 2

5 parts of hemostasis

Back 2

1. Vascular spasm

2. Platelet plug

3. Clot formation

4. Clot retraction

5. Fibrinolysis

Front 3

Vascular spasm

Back 3

Vasoconstriction of damaged arteries and arterioles to decrease blood flow

Front 4

Chemicals released by platelets

Back 4

1. Cause more platelets to stick

2. Promote clotting

3. Begin healing

Front 5

Prostaglandin

Back 5

Required to form platelet plug

In hypothalamus cause increase in temperature set point

Front 6

Platelet plug formation

Back 6

Platelets stick to damaged blood vessel and release chemicals (pos. Feedback)

Front 7

3 stages of clot formation

Back 7

1. Production of prothrombin activator

2. Prothrombin converted to thrombin

3. Fibrinogen converted to fibrin

Front 8

Production of prothrombin activator

Back 8

1. Extrinsic (uses factors related by damaged tissues)

2. Intrinsic (uses factor contained in blood)

*pathways occur together require Ca+, tissues, platelets and plasma factors

Front 9

fibrin

Back 9

Converted from fibrinogen with/by

1. Thrombin

2. Ca++

Forms insoluble web of threads on the plug traping formed elements

Front 10

Thrombin

Back 10

Pos. Feedback increases its formation

Gets trapped in clot and inactivated by plasma factors

Front 11

Factors involved in Thrombin inactivation

Back 11

Come from liver, damaged tissue, platelets

E.g. vit. K

Front 12

Clot retraction and repair

Back 12

Blood vessel edges pulled together

Fibroblasts from new CT, new endothelial cells repair lineing

Front 13

Fibrinolysis

Back 13

Clot dissolution by plasmin

Front 14

Plasmin

Back 14

Fibrin digesting enzyme

Breaks down clots

Front 15

Thrombus

Back 15

Stationary clot in a undamaged vessel

Front 16

Embolus

Back 16

Free floating clot

Front 17

Hemophilia

Back 17

Clothing abnormal/absent

- 83% type A lack clotting factor 8

Front 18

2 main types of immune resistance

Back 18

1. Innate (prevent entry of microbe into body or remove foreign material)

2. Adaptive (production of specific lymphocytes or antibody against recognized antigen)

Front 19

Physical barriers

Back 19

Skin, mucous membranes

Front 20

Mechanical barriers

Back 20

Flow of tears, sweat, mucus, cila beating, coughing, sneezing

Front 21

Chemical barriers

Back 21

1. Gastric acid and lysozymes

2. Interferons

Front 22

Interferons

Back 22

Provided by virus infected cells,

Trigger mechanisms in nearby uninfected cells that prevent infection

Innate resistance

Front 23

Antigen

Back 23

Protein/polysaccharide recognized as foreign by immune system

E.g parts of bacteria, viruses, pollen, parasites, transplants

Front 24

Antibodies

Back 24

Plasma proteins that match a specific Antigen

Produced by plasma cells

Front 25

Th

Back 25

Releases chemicals that may activate

1. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

2. B cells

Front 26

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Back 26

Proliferate and directly destroy

1. Cell containing virus

2. Cells termed by cancer

3. Transplanted organs

Front 27

Cell mediated immunity

Back 27

Does not involve antibodies

Involved cytotoxic cells

Front 28

B cells

Back 28

Proliferate and convert to plasma cells antibodies

Front 29

Humoral immunity

Back 29

Antibody mediated

Involved antibodies and/or B cells)

Front 30

2 types of humoral immunity

Back 30

Active (last years)

Passive (last weeks)

Front 31

Active

Humoral immunity

Back 31

Body makes Ab and memory B cells after

1. Exposure to disease org (natural)

2. Injection with killes/inactivated disease org (artificial)

Front 32

Passive humoral immunity

Back 32

Natural: mother to baby via, placenta or milk

Artifiically: mops up Ag before it can trigger an immune response in person (e.g. for tetanus, rabies, snake bite antivenins, Rh factors)