Cardio 1: Cardiac Arrhythmias

Front 1

Back 1

ARVD

Front 2

Back 2

Atrial flutter
4:1

Front 3

Back 3

Atrial ectopic tachycardia

Front 4

Back 4

Atrial fibrillation

Front 5

Back 5

Atrial flutter

Front 6

Back 6

AVRT
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia

Front 7

Back 7

AVNRT

Front 8

Back 8

AVNRT

Front 9

Back 9

Brugada

Front 10

Back 10

First Degree AV Block

Front 11

Back 11

Junctional escape

Front 12

Back 12

Long QT with Torsades

Front 13

Back 13

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

Back 14

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

Front 15

Back 15

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

Front 16

Back 16

Normal sinus rhythm

Front 17

Back 17

PAC’s with Aberration

Front 18

Back 18

Premature Atrial Contractions

Front 19

Back 19

Premature Ventricular Contractions PVC’s

Front 20

Back 20

PVCs Ventricular Bigeminy

Front 21

Back 21

Sick sinus syndrome

Front 22

Back 22

Sinus Tachycardia

Front 23

Back 23

Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia

Front 24

Back 24

Third Degree AV Block

Front 25

Back 25

Torsades de Pointes

Front 26

Back 26

Type I Second Degree AV Block Wenckebach

Front 27

Back 27

Type II Second Degree AV Block

Front 28

Back 28

Type II Second Degree AV Block

Front 29

Back 29

Ventricular Fibrillation

Front 30

Back 30

WPW AVRT

Front 31

What is the definition of sinus bradycardia?

Back 31

Normal rhythm but HR<60bpm

Front 32

What is the definition of sinus tachycardia?

Back 32

Normal rhythm but HR>100bpm

Front 33

What causes junctional escape?

Back 33

If SA node is suppressed or diseased, AV node takes over.

Front 34

What causes ventricular escape?

Back 34

If AV & SA nodes are suppressed-->His fibers

Front 35

What is an early afterdepolarization?

Back 35

Positive changes in the membrane potential that occur in phase 2 or 3

Front 36

What is a late afterdepolarization?

Back 36

Positive changes in membrane potential that occur after repolarization is complete

Front 37

What is seen in junctional escape?

Back 37

QRS is narrowed
P wave is absent or occurs after QRS complex; can be upside down

Front 38

What is seen in ventricular escape?

Back 38

QRS is widened
P wave is absent or occurs after QRS complex; can be upside down

Front 39

What is seen in first-degree AV block?

Back 39

Prolongation of PR interval (>5 small boxes or >0.2 sec)

Front 40

What causes first-degree AV block?

Back 40

impairment of conduction in AV node

Front 41

What is seen in type I second degree AV block?

Back 41

Degree of AV delay gradually increases until impulse is completely blocked and a P wave is not followed by a QRS complex for a single beat

Front 42

What is seen in type II second degree AV block?

Back 42

Sudden intermittent loss of AV conduction (QRS complex) w/o preceding gradual lengthening of PR interval

Front 43

What causes type II second degree AV block?

Back 43

Conduction block beyond the AV node

Front 44

What is seen in third degree AV block?

Back 44

no relationship between P waves & QRS complexes

Front 45

What causes third degree AV block?

Back 45

acute MI
drug toxicity (digoxin)
chronic degeneration of conduction system

Front 46

What is seen with APBs/PACs?

Back 46

Earlier than normal P wave with abnormal shape (usually higher than normal)

Front 47

What causes PACs?

Back 47

Automaticity or reentry in the atrial focus outside the SA node

Front 48

What is seen with VPBs?

Back 48

Widened QRS complex (>120msec) occurring early and NOT preceded by a P wave
P wave follows in ST segment after QRS complex

Front 49

What causes VPBs?

Back 49

Can happen when ectopic ventricular focus fires an AP

Front 50

What is seen in AVNRT?

Back 50

Tachycardia
Usually triggered by PAC
P wave seen just beyond QRS w/interval of <120msec
P wave may be bured in QRS complex

Front 51

What is seen in AVRT?

Back 51

Tachycardia, narrow complex
P wave is >120msec beyond the onset of QRS-->usually in distal ST segment or in T wave

Front 52

What is seen in atrial ectopic tachycardia?

Back 52

Tachycardia
P wave is upsdie down, often

Front 53

What causes atrial ectopic tachycardia?

Back 53

either automaticity of atrial focus or reentry

Front 54

What is seen in multifocal atrial tachycardia?

Back 54

at least 3 different P wave morphologies seen w/return to baseline after each one

Front 55

What can cause Torsades de Pointes?

Back 55

Low K+ or Mg2+
Drugs that prolong AP duration
Long QT

Front 56

What is seen in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD)?

Back 56

T wave inversion in V1-V3 w/notched R' wave

Front 57

What causes ARVD?

Back 57

Desmosomes or ryanodine receptors

Front 58

What is the inheritance pattern of ARVD?

Back 58

AD

Front 59

What is the inheritance pattern of Brugada?

Back 59

AD

Front 60

What causes Brugada?

Back 60

Na channel subunit mutations

Front 61

What is the inheritance pattern of long QT syndrome?

Back 61

Romano Ward=AD
Jervelle & Lange-Nielsen=AR w/deafness

Front 62

What causes long QT syndrome?

Back 62

Mutations in Na or K channels
At least 12 mutations

Front 63

What is the inheritance pattern of familial catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia?

Back 63

AD or AR

Front 64

What causes FCPVT?

Back 64

mutations in Ca handling genes leading to DADs

Front 65

What is the result of FCPVT?

Back 65

V-tach or fibrillation w/emotional stress or exercise