Canfitpro Fis Exam - Chapter 3: Cardiorespiratory Concepts

Front 1

The cardiovascular system is comprised of what?

Back 1

1. Heart

2. Network of arteries and veins

Front 2

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Back 2

Circulates blood throughout the body, transporting:

1. Nutrients

2. Oxygen

3. Carbon Dioxide

4. Metabolic waste products

5. Hormones

Front 3

How many chambers does the heart have?

Back 3

Four.

Front 4

What does the right side of the heart do?

Back 4

Collects blood returning from the tissues and moves it through the lungs. (pulmonary circulation)

Front 5

What does the left side of the heart do?

Back 5

Receives blood from the lungs and moves it through the tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart. (systemic circulation)

Front 6

What are the two components of the heart?

Back 6

Atriums and ventricles.

Front 7

What do the atrium do?

Back 7

Receive blood returning to the heart via veins and pass blood into the ventricles.

Front 8

What do the ventricles do?

Back 8

The muscular 'pumps' of the heart, move blood away from the heart via the arteries.

Front 9

How does blood move through the heart?

Back 9

Through the pulmonary circuit to the lungs and then through the systemic circuit to the body tissues.

Front 10

What are the benefits of cardio exercise?

Back 10

1. Increased red blood cells (increased hemoglobin & oxygen carrying capacity)

2. Increased stroke volume.

3. Increased blood delivery.

4. Increased mitochondria (improved aerobic production of ATP)

5. Increased capillary density (better distribution of oxygen & nutrients to working muscles, improved waste removal)

6. Increased aerobic enzymes (enhanced ability to utilize oxygen)

Front 11

In a typical adult, how many litres of blood circulates per minute?

Back 11

5.

Front 12

What is blood pressure?

Back 12

The result of blood being pumped out of the ventricles, exerting force against the arterial walls.

Front 13

What is average blood pressure?

Back 13

120/80

Front 14

What is systolic pressure?

Back 14

The top number. Represents the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the heart contracts. Represents peak pressure in the system.

Front 15

What is diastolic pressure?

Back 15

Pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the heart relaxes and fills again.

Front 16

As a person becomes more fit, what happens to their blood pressure?

Back 16

Resting BP stays the same as exercise helps maintain the elasticity of vessels and keep the circulatory system healthy.

Front 17

What happens to blood pressure during exercise?

Back 17

1. The heart pumps faster

2. stroke volume increases

3. aorta distends to accomodate increase in blood volume

4. systolic pressure rises quickly to above 200 & levels off

4. diastolic stays relatively stable due to the opening of more capillary beds.

Front 18

Why are straining exercises (ie. weightlifting) dangerous for people with high blood pressure?

Back 18

The muscular contractions compress arteries and veins and produce much greater resistance to blood flow. Blood flow back to the heart and brain may be reduced resulting in dizziness or faintness.

Front 19

How do you determine maximum heart rate?

Back 19

220 - age of participant.

Front 20

What is stroke volume?

Back 20

The amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects in one beat.

Front 21

How is stroke volume impacted by exercise?

Back 21

As an individual becomes more fit:

1. ventricles become larger

2. they can hold more blood and contract with more force.

3. Stroke volume increases.

A trained person will be able to deliver more blood per heartbeat than an untrained person. Therefore, a fit heart does not have to work as hard at rest or during exercise.

Front 22

What is cardiac output? (Q)

Back 22

The amount of blood that the heart ejects in one minute. (Q = SV x HR)

Front 23

Why is the resting heart rate of a fit person lower?

Back 23

The trained heart is a more efficient pump and can pump out more blood per beat (larger stroke volume)

Front 24

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Back 24

1. Left and right lungs

2. Air passageways

(mouth, nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree)

Front 25

What does the respiratory system do?

Back 25

Exchanges gas between the bloodstream and the environment.

Front 26

What two processes take place during respiration?

Back 26

1. Ventilation - the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs

2. Diffusion - the exchange of gas in the lungs

Front 27

Define artery.

Back 27

any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.

Front 28

Define vein.

Back 28

A blood vessel that carries blood that is low in oxygen content from the body back to the heart.

Front 29

Aerobic fitness reflects the efficiency of what systems?

Back 29

1. Cardiovascular

2. Respiratory

3. Muscular

Front 30

Why is active recovery better than passive?

Back 30

Assists the heart & circulatory system in redistributing blood to all parts of the body. Prevents blood from pooling in the exercising muscles and helps cells reduce the oxygen debt created at the beginning of exercise.

Front 31

How do you promote active recovery in your fitness class?

Back 31

1. Reducing the intensity and impact of the exercise.

2. Reducing the range of motion of movements.

3. Telling participants to consciously begin an active recovery.

Front 32

Optimal cardiovascular benefits occur in how many training sessions per week?

Back 32

3-4 days per week, 30 minutes per session.

Front 33

What are the two best ways to measure exercise intensity?

Back 33

The Borg Scale (RPE) and heart rate monitoring.

Front 34

Oxygenated blood is delivered from the heart to the lungs through the

Back 34

Pulmonary arteries.