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49 Cards in this Set
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prey /preɪ/ nounprey verb |
[singular, uncountable] an animal, bird etc that is hunted and eaten by another animal Antonym : predator: a tiger stalking its prey II. prey2 verbprey on somebody/something phrasal verb1. if an animal or bird preys on another animal or bird, it hunts and eats it ⇒ predator: Cats prey on birds and mice. |
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Daytime |
day‧time /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ noun [uncountable]the time during the day between the time when it gets light and the time when it gets darkin/during the daytime I can’t sleep in the daytime. Can I take your daytime telephone number (=the number of the telephone you use during the day)? daytime television |
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Exploited |
استثمار شده، قانون فقه: بهره ده |
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oc‧cu‧pied /ˈɒkjəpaɪd, ˈɒkjʊpaɪd $ ˈɑːk-/ adjective |
1. [not before noun] busy doing somethingoccupied with His time was occupied with the children. She’s fully occupied with work. The museum has enough exhibits to keep anyone occupied for an hour or two 2. [not before noun] a bed, chair, room etc that is occupied is being used: Sorry, this seat is occupied |
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prob‧a‧ble /ˈprɒbəbəl $ ˈprɑː-/ adjectiveprobable noun [countable] |
likely to exist, happen, or be true: The probable cause of the fire was faulty wiring. Success is highly probable.it is probable (that) It seems probable that the accident has damaged her brain محتمل |
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noc‧tur‧nal /nɒkˈtɜːnl $ nɑːkˈtɜːr-/ adjective |
1. an animal that is nocturnal is active at night: Hamsters are nocturnal creatures.2. formal happening at night: Rebecca paid a nocturnal visit to the flat |
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go away phrasal verb |
1. to leave a place or person: Go away and leave me alone! I went away wondering if I’d said the wrong thing.2. to travel to a place and spend some time there, for example for a holiday: Are you going away this year?go away for We’re going away for the weekend.go away to He’s going away to college next year.go away on I’m going away on a business trip next week. |
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ancestry[noun] |
the members of your family who lived a long time agoof ... ancestry Her mother is of German ancestry (=has German ancestors). Helen’s family can trace their ancestry back to the 1700s دودمان تبار |
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dominate[verb] |
1. [intransitive and transitive] to control someone or something or to have more importance than other people or things: The industry is dominated by five multinational companies. New Orleans dominated throughout the game. Her loud voice totally dominated the conversation. Education issues dominated the election campaign. |
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ex‧tinc‧tion /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ noun [uncountable] |
when a particular type of animal or plant stops existingspecies in danger of extinctionon the verge/edge/brink of extinction (=nearly extinct) face extinction/be threatened with extinctionMany endangered species now face extinction face extinction (=be likely to stop existing soon)The red squirrel faces extinction in England and Wales unless conservation measures are taken.cause/lead to extinction (=make an animal, plant etc stop existing)Exactly what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?PHRASES |
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sub‧stan‧tial /səbˈstænʃəl/ adjective |
large in amount or number Synonym : considerable Antonym : insubstantial: We have the support of a substantial number of parents. a substantial salary only before noun] large and strongly made Antonym : insubstantial: a substantial piece of furniture |
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ab‧sence S3 W2 /ˈæbsəns/ noun |
when you are not in the place where people expect you to be, or the time that you are awayin/during sb’s absence Ms Leighton will be in charge during my absence (=while I am away).absence from Her work involved repeated absences from home. 2. [singular] the lack of something or the fact that it does not exist Antonym : presenceabsence of a complete absence of any kind of planning In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go فقدان |
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obstruct[verb |
ob‧struct /əbˈstrʌkt/ verb [transitive][Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: past participle of obstruere 'to build in the way']1. to block a road, passage etc Synonym : block: A small aircraft was obstructing the runway. The column obstructed our view of the stage.2. to prevent someone from doing something or something from happening, by making it difficult Synonym : block: The group is trying to obstruct the peace process. He was fined for obstructing the work of the police |
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scatter[verb] |
1. if someone scatters a lot of things, or if they scatter, they are thrown or dropped over a wide area in an irregular wayscatter (something) over/around/across etc something Scatter the onions over the fish. The flowers fell and scattered on the ground.2. if a group of people or animals scatter, or if something scatters them, they move quickly in different directions: The sound of gunfire made the crowd scatter in all directions پخش کردن پراکنده کردن |
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ma‧noeu‧vre noun |
1 [countable] a skilful or careful movement that you make, for example in order to avoid something or go through a narrow spaceA careful driver will often stop talking before carrying out a complex manoeuvre.2 [countable, uncountable] a skilful or carefully planned action intended to gain an advantage for yourselfThey tried by diplomatic maneuvers to obtain an agreement. تدبیر به کار بستن |
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lan‧tern /ˈlæntən $ -ərn/ noun [countable] |
فانوس، چراغ بادی، چراغ دریایی، معماری: گلدسته، علوم نظامی: چراغ توری |
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search‧light /ˈsɜːtʃlaɪt $ ˈsɜːrtʃ-/ noun |
search‧light /ˈsɜːtʃlaɪt $ ˈsɜːrtʃ-/ noun [countable]a very bright electric light that turns in any direction, used for finding people, guarding places etc |
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fire‧fly /ˈfaɪəflaɪ $ ˈfaɪr-/ noun (plural fireflies) [countable] |
حشره شب تاب، کرم شب تاب |
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mate /meɪt/ noun |
3. ANIMAL [countable] the sexual partner of an animal4. HUSBAND/WIFE [countable] American English a husband or wife – used especially in magazines Synonym : partner: How do women choose their mates? |
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noun prohibition adjective prohibitive verb prohibit |
pro‧hib‧i‧tive /prəˈhɪbətɪv $ proʊ-/ AWL adjective1 prohibitive costs are so high that they prevent people from buying or doing somethingThe cost of land in Tokyo is prohibitive.2 a prohibitive rule prevents people from doing thingsprohibitive regulations |
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pin‧prick /ˈpɪnˌprɪk/ noun [countable] |
1. a very small area or dot of somethingpinprick of a pinprick of light2. a very small hole in something, similar to one made by a pin3. something that slightly annoys you: These problems were pinpricks compared with what was to come |
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adjective exposedverb expose |
[transitive]1 SHOW to show something that is usually covered or hiddenHe lifted his T-shirt to expose a jagged scar across his chest.expose something to somethingPotatoes turn green when exposed to light 2 TO SOMETHING DANGEROUS to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasantexpose somebody to somethingThe report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation TO SOMETHING DANGEROUS to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasantexpose somebody to somethingThe report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.expose yourself to ridicule/criticism etc (=say or do something that may make people laugh at you, criticize you etc |
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de‧tect W3 AC /dɪˈtekt/ verb [transitive |
to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc: Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.difficult/impossible/easy/possible etc to detectdetect a change/difference Dan detected a change in her mood.detect a note of sarcasm/irony/excitement etc Do I detect a note of sarcasm in your voice?—detectable adjective |
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frac‧tion /ˈfrækʃən/ noun [countable |
1. a very small amount of somethingfraction of I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price. She paused for a fraction of a second.2. a part of a whole number in mathematics, such as ½ or ¾ |
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bounce something off someone |
test someone's reaction to an idea |
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scene /siːn/ noun |
. PLAY/FILM [countable]a) part of a play during which there is no change in time or place: Hamlet, Act 5, Scene 2 the opening sceneb) a single piece of action that happens in one place in a film, book etc: battle scenes tender love scenes The film contains some violent scenes. colourful pictures depicting scenes from the Bible2. ACTIVITIES [singular] a particular set of activities and the people who are involved in them: I’m not into the club scene (=going to night clubs). LA’s music scene the drug scene a newcomer to the political scene3. ACCIDENT/CRIME [singular] the place where an accident, crime etc happened: The police soon arrived at the scene of the crime.at the scene Investigators are now at the scene, searching for clues |
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im‧mense‧ly /ɪˈmensli/ adverb |
very much Synonym : extremely: Champagne wines became immensely popular in the 18th century.immensely powerful/strong/important etc Nationalism is an immensely powerful force. We enjoyed the play immensely |
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head‧light /ˈhedlaɪt/ (also headlamp) noun [countable usually plural |
]1. one of the large lights at the front of a vehicle, or the beam of light produced by this: Suddenly, a figure appeared in my headlights.2. like a rabbit/deer caught in headlights so frightened or confused that you do not know what to do |
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head‧light /ˈhedlaɪt/ (also headlamp) noun [countable usually plural |
]1. one of the large lights at the front of a vehicle, or the beam of light produced by this: Suddenly, a figure appeared in my headlights.2. like a rabbit/deer caught in headlights so frightened or confused that you do not know what to do |
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illuminate[verb] |
1. to make a light shine on something, or to fill a place with light: A single candle illuminated his face. At night the canals are beautifully illuminated.2. formal to make something much clearer and easier to understand: The report illuminated the difficult issues at the heart of science policy درخشان ساختن روشن کردن |
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verb] expend[noun] expenditure , expense , expenses[adj.] expensive[adv.] expensively |
to use or spend a lot of energy etc in order to do somethingexpend energy/effort/time/resources etc People of different ages expend different amounts of energy. Manufacturers have expended a lot of time and effort trying to improve computer security.expend something in/on (doing) something A great deal of time and money has been expended on creating a pleasant office atmosphere 1. [uncountable and countable] the amount of money that you spend on something: He borrowed £150,000 and used the money for legal expenses. Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.2. expenses money that you spend on things such as travel and food while you are doing your job, and which your employer then pays to youon expenses Can you claim this meal on expenses?3. at the expense of somebody/something if something is done at the expense of someone or something else, it is only achieved by doing something that could harm the other person or thing: the growth in short breaks, at the expense of longer package holidays هزینه مصرف |
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ex‧cep‧tion /ɪkˈsepʃən/ noun |
1. something or someone that is not included in a general statement or does not follow a rule or pattern: It’s been cold, but today’s an exception.with the exception of somebody/something We all laughed, with the exception of Maggie.without exception Each plant, without exception, contains some kind of salt.notable/important/significant exception With one or two notable exceptions, there are few women conductors.minor/major exception With a few minor exceptions, the new edition is much like the previous one. The law applies to all EU countries; Britain is no exception. We don’t usually accept checks, but for you we’ll make an exception (=not include you in this rule). The spelling of this word is an interesting exception to the rule. Successful two-career couples are still the exception, not the rule (=used to emphasize that something is unusual |
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uncanny[adjective |
un‧can‧ny /ʌnˈkæni/ adjectivevery strange and difficult to explain: an uncanny coincidence—uncannily adverb |
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I. fa‧cial1 /ˈfeɪʃəl/ adjective |
on your face or relating to your face: Victor’s facial expression didn’t change. facial hair—facially adverb: Facially the boys are similar |
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tri‧cy‧cle /ˈtraɪsɪkəl/ noun [countable |
(tricyclic) سه چرخه، دارای سه چرخ |
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sen‧sa‧tion /senˈseɪʃən/ noun |
1. [uncountable and countable] a feeling that you get from one of your five senses, especially the sense of touchburning/prickling/tingling etc sensation One sign of a heart attack is a tingling sensation in the left arm.sensation of a sensation of heat2. [countable] a feeling that is difficult to describe, caused by a particular event, experience, or memorysensation that Caroline had the sensation that she was being watched.strange/curious/odd sensation It was a strange sensation – I felt I’d been there before |
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turn out phrasal verb (see also turn |
)1. to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expectturn out well/badly/fine etc It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right. To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong. As it turned out (=used to say what happened in the end), he passed the exam quite easily.turn out to be something That guy turned out to be Maria’s second cousin.2. turn the light out to stop the flow of electricity to a light by pressing a switch, pulling a string etc: Don’t forget to turn out the lights when you go!3. if a lot of people turn out for an event, they go to watch it or take part in itturn out for About 70% of the population turned out for the election.turn out to do something Thousands turned out to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland. ⇒ turnout4. turn somebody ↔ out to force someone to leave a place permanently, especially their home: If you can’t pay the rent, they turn you out.5. turn something ↔ out to produce or make something: The factory turns out 300 units a day.6. well/beautifully/badly etc turned out dressed in good, beautiful etc clothes: elegantly turned-out young ladies7. turn something ↔ outa) to empty something completely by taking out the contents: The policeman made him turn out his pockets |
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I. ex‧ploit1 AC /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ verb [transitive |
1. to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return – used to show disapproval: Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers.2. to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly: The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.3. to use something fully and effectively: The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission.4. to develop and use minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry: the urgent need to exploit the resources of the Irish Sea—exploitable adjective—exploiter noun [countable |
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pi‧o‧neer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə $ -ˈnɪr/ noun [countable]pioneer verb [transitive |
1. someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other peoplepioneer of John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation. He was a pioneer in the field of biotechnology.2. one of the first people to travel to a new country or area and begin living there, farming etc: the early pioneers of the Dakota territory |
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feat /fiːt/ noun [countable |
something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to doremarkable/considerable/incredible etc feat They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat.feat of an incredible feat of engineeringperform/accomplish/achieve a feat the woman who performed the feat of sailing around the world aloneno mean feat (=something that is difficult to do) It is no mean feat to perform such a difficult piece.[ |
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. strike1 S3 W3 /straɪk/ verb (past tense and past participle struck /strʌk/) |
1. HIT [transitive] written to hit or fall against the surface of something: She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat. A snowball struck him on the back of the head. Several cars were struck by falling trees. The last rays of the setting sun struck the windows.REGISTERIn everyday English, people usually say hit rather than strike: I hit my head on the shelf. He was hit by a rock |
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Dumb /dʌm/ adjective |
. informal stupid: What a dumb question. a bunch of dumb kids ‘What is it?’ I asked, playing dumb (=pretending to be stupid). She’s no dumb blonde (=a pretty woman with blonde hair who seems stupid).2. unable to speak, because you are angry, surprised, shocked etc: He stared at the burnt-out car in dumb disbelief. She was struck dumb with terror.3. old-fashioned someone who is dumb is not able to speak at all. Many people think that this use is offensive |
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ad‧mi‧ra‧tion /ˌædməˈreɪʃən/ noun |
a feeling of great respect and liking for something or someone: Daniel gazed at her in admiration.admiration for I wanted to express my admiration for the way the crew handled the crisis.admiration of Her riding soon drew the admiration of the older girls |
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un‧der‧ly‧ing AC /ˌʌndəˈlaɪ-ɪŋ◂ $ -ər-/ adjective |
underlying cause/principle/problem etc the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed: the underlying causes of her depression There is an underlying assumption that younger workers are easier to train |
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ˈso-called adjective |
اصطلاحا، به اصطلاح، باصطلاح، |
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per‧ceive /pəˈsiːv $ pər-/ verb |
1. written to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way ⇒ perceptionperceive something/somebody as something Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.perceive something/somebody to be something Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear. Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.2. formal to notice, see, or recognize something ⇒ perceptive: That morning, he perceived a change in Franca’s mood. Cats are not able to perceive colour.perceive that He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis |
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depth /depθ/ noun |
1. [countable usually singular, uncountable]a) the distance from the top surface of something such as a river or hole to the bottom of it ⇒ deep: a sea with an average depth of 35 metresto/at a depth of something The cave descends to a depth of 340 feet. Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches.a metre/foot etc in depth (=deep) a channel of two feet in depthb) the distance from the front to the back of an object: The depth of the shelves is about 35 cm.2. [uncountable] how strong an emotion is or how serious a situation isdepth of the depth of public feeling on this issue People need to realize the depth of the problem |
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Seabed |
بستر دریا، کف دریا، بستر اقیانوس |
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in‧ac‧cu‧rate /ɪnˈækjərət, ɪnˈækjʊrət/ adjective |
in‧ac‧cu‧rate AC /ɪnˈækjərət, ɪnˈækjʊrət/ adjective[Word Family: noun: accuracy ≠ inaccuracy; adverb: accurately ≠ inaccurately; adjective: accurate ≠ inaccurate]not completely correct Antonym : accurate: A lot of what has been written about him is inaccurate.inaccurate information/data etc He was fined $300,000 for making inaccurate statements to Congress.—inaccurately adverb |
