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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of hydrocarbons, made out of carbon and hydrogen |
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Crude oil is split into separate groups, hydrocarbons |
the shorter the molecules the more flammable. The ones at the top of the cylinder are more flammable eg gases, petrol, naphtha... |
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The shorter the chains the.. |
more runny it is, less viscous (gloopy) |
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When does complete combustion happen? |
When there is plenty of oxygen, hydrocarbons burn to produce only carbon dioxide and water. Blue flame = more energy |
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What is incomplete combustion? |
When there isn't enough oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced as well as carbon monoxide and carbon. Less energy = yellow flame |
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Describe Carbon monoxide CO |
colourless, odourless and very toxic. |
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What is there to consider when choosing the best fuel? |
Ease ignition, energy value, ash and smoke, storage and transport. |
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When fossil fuels are burnt what is released into the atmosphere? |
Carbon dioxide and Water vapour |
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Sulfur dioxide, causes acid rain.. |
when the sulfur dioxide mixes with clouds it forms dilute sulfuric acid = falls as acid rain |
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What does acid rain cause.. |
Acid rain causes lakes to become acidic = animals die, kills trees and damage limestone buildings = ruins stone statues |
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What do Catalytic converters do? |
Clean up and convert exhaust gases |
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.. |
which effects the atmosphere acting as an insulating layer = absorb most of the heat |
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Human activity = affects carbon dioxide levels |
released when trees are burnt to clear land, micro-organisms feeding of dead-wood = product of respiration |
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What is iron seeding .. |
needed for photosynthesis, blooms of phytoplankton absorb for photosynthesis |
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Biogas is made by microorganisms.. |
which are used to decompose living organisms' waste or dead plants = biogas |
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How can biogas, can be burned to heat water = power a turbine.. |
this can be used to generate electricity = it's renewable- can replaced quickly. Dead plants - photosynthesised when alive - removing CO2 - balancing the releases of CO2 and the burning of biogas |
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Alcohol, made from sugar .. |
ethanol = produced by using yeast to ferment sugar, sugar cane and sugar beat = source of sugar in ethanol |
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Alkanes = have all C-C single bonds |
made up of chains of carbon atoms with single bonds - saturated hydrocarbons - no spare bonds |
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Alkenes = have a C-C double bonds |
unsaturated |
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What is Cracking? |
Splitting up long-chain hydrocarbons. Makes them shorter and much more usual. A form of thermal decomposition - breaking molecules down = simpler by heating |
