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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population, the population is responding to:
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selection pressure
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When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at a relative disadvantage within the population, _________ selection is occurring.
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disruptive
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Resemblance between 2 organisms can occur because of shared ancestry. Structures that are similar because of shared ancestry are said to be _______________.
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homologous
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According to Charles Darwin, organic evolution is "descent with modification," which simply means...
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populations change over time.
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Similar structures in unrelated organisms that arise through convergent evolution are called...
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analogous structures
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The ability of a membrane to regulate passage of materials into and out of a cell is called...
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selective permeability
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Over __________ animal species have been described.
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1 million
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Since each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the old DNA molecule and the newly synthesized strand, the replication process is said to be:
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semi-conservative
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Organic evolution includes the concept that...
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organisms change over time.
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In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is
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46
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Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their offspring to become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?
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Larmarck
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The type of tissue that covers or lines structures is...
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epithelial tissue
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Darwin observed _______ in the Galapagos Islands; today they are used as a classic example to illustrate great adaptive radiation.
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finches
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When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved, evolution:
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does not occur.
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Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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The unusual gene frequencies of the Dunker population of eastern Pennsylvania are due to this phenomenon, which is seen frequently when small groups with unrepresentative gene frequencies break off from a larger population.
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founder effect
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A/an _______ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the synthesis of one polypeptide or part of a polypeptide.
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gene
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The synthesis of proteins at the ribosomes, based on the genetic information contained in mRNA, is called...
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translation
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The linear form of RNA that is responsible for carrying a set of genetic information into the cytoplasm is...
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mRNA
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When cells such as white blood cells of a vertebrate engulf bacteria, the membrane transport mechanism used is...
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phagocytosis
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The study of the structure and function of cells is...
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cytology
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Binomial nomenclature uses a two-part unique name to identify each kind of organism. The two parts of the name are the _________ names.
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genus and species
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The binomial definition of a _________ is a group of populations in which genes are actually, or potentially, exchanged through inter-breeding.
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species
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A tool used by geneticists to help predict the results of crosses is the...
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Punnett square
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Meiosis results in a change in chromosome number indicated by...
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2n to n
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The total genetic makeup of a population is the...
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gene pool
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Which is true of sex determination?
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A. Most animals use the XX (female) and XY (male) system
B. Some animals use a ZZ (male) and ZW (female) system C. Some animals use an XX-XO system where "O" is a missing chromosome D. Some animals rely on temperature; sex chromosomes are not directly involved in the determination of sex ANSWER: E. Each of the above systems can be found among some animals |
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Active transport...
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uses cellular energy to move molecules from higher to lower concentrations
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An organelle that is used for storage and internal transport, serves as a site for attachment for ribosomes, and makes steroids, is the...
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Cytokinesis refers to...
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cytoplasmic division
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An excellent example of directional selection is...
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change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution.
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Natural selection acts on individual ________, not on individual genes.
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phenotypes
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The sequence AGATCT on the template strand of DNA would lead to the production of an mRNA strand with the sequence...
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UCUAGA
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When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population, _________ has occurred.
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genetic drift
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Down syndrome is an example of...
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Aneuploidy
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The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called _________.
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osmosis
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A DNA nucleotide contains...
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deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
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Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele A is 96%, the frequency of A in the next generation would be...
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96%
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A student carried out a cross between 2 fruit flies. One fly was homozygous for vestigial wings and homozygous for sepia eyes. The second fly was heterozygous for wild-type wings and homozygous for wild-type eyes. Hint: THE WILD-TYPE ALLELES ARE DOMINANT. The offspring expected from this cross would...
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all have wild-type eyes, but 1/2 of the flies would have vestigial wings and 1/2 would have wild-type wings.
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Which one of the following is NOT an observation of a population where natural selection is at work?
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The population always becomes adapted to its environment.
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__________ are evidences of past life preserved in stone, coal, or other material.
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fossils
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In a monohybrid cross with parents of vg+vg+ and vg vg genotypes, F1 offspring would show the gentotypes..
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vg+vg only
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In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia, and exposed to malaria, several genotypes persist in a..
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balanced polymorphism
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In regard to blood type, what are the possible genotypes if the phenotype is B?
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I^B I^B and I^B i
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An amoeba is place in a HYPERtonic solution. Which will occur?
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Water will move out the amoeba into the surrounding solution.
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Blood is considered to be a/an __________ tissue.
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connective
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The organelle that packages and routes the synthesized products of a eukaryotic cell is the..
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Golgi apparatus
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Alleles are..
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alternate forms of a gene
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In his observations of the tortoises on the Galapagos Islands, Darwin concluded that..
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where vegetation was sparse, long-necked tortoises were favored because they could reach higher to get their food.
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Synapsis, crossing over, and independent assortment occur during ________.
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meiosis I
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Ecology is the study of...
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the interaction of organisms with each other and their environment
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By the year 2050, the world population is expected to reach _________.
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9.3 billion
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Which of the following would NOT be a good practice in the conservation of endangered species?
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Introducing exotic species into ecosystems to serve as enhanced food sources.
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Similarity in _______ is good evidence for evolutionary relationships among animals.
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a sequence in DNA
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During metaphase of mitosis...
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replicated chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
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A cell in which the DNA is not bound by a membrane is said to be...
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prokaryotic
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An adaptation...
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may be behavioral, physiological, or morphological
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If a gene is not on a sex chromosome, it is found on a/an...
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autosome
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A requirement for speciation is the subpopulations...
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become reproductively isolated from one another.
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The surface to volume ratio of a cell limits...
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the size a cell may reach.
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