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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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internal respiration |
Exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) between blood and tissue fluid - in the tissues -pulmonary capillaries and alveoli |
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external respiration |
exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) between air and the blood - in the lungs - blood in systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid |
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ventilation |
Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing inspiration= breathing in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract - diaphragm upward and outward expiration = breathing out no effort, elastic properties of thoracic wall and lungs recoil - diaphragm downward and inward (passive) |
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hemoglobin
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iron-containing respiratory pigment occurring in vertebrate red blood cells and in the blood plasma |
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pharynx |
- connects the mouth to the esophagus; connects respiratory and digestive systems - respiratory system - epiglottis prevents food from going down trachea |
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pleura |
The serous membrane that covers each lung - left lung only has 2 lobes to allow room for the heart |
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surfactant |
lower the surface tension of the coating of the alveoli, preventing the sides from collapsing upon themselves - newborn babies can get infant respriatory distress syndrome if they lack this |
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alveoli |
air sacs |
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pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx; caused by viruses or bacteria - strep throat is caused by the bacterium streptococcus |
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bronchities |
acute- inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs chronic- airways are inflamed and filled with mucus |
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asthama |
the disease of the bronchi and bronchioles that is wheezing, breathlessness, and a cough |
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phenuomina |
infection of the lungs in which the bronchi or alveoli fill with thick fluid |
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emphsema |
lungs- damage to the alveoli which reduces the exchanage of gases - surface area is reduced |
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pulmonary fibrosis |
fibrous connective tissue builds up in the lungs, causing a loss of elasticity which causes the lungs to expand during in halation |
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Trace the path of air beginning with the nostrils and/or mouth through the airways to the alveoli. |
Oxygen travels through the 1. nasal cavity 2. Pharynx 3. larynx 4. trachea 5. bronchial 6. lungs where it diffuses across the alveoli and the capillary endothelial cells to the bloodstream |
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Where is the respiratory center located? Information from the respiratory center is sent tothe___________________and _______________by way of the____________ and ___________. See figure 15.9 |
Gas exchange occurs between air in the Alveoli and blood within a capillary network that surrounds the alveoli -the respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata of the brain |
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The respiratory center is directly sensitive to levels of ___________ and _________ions in the blood.
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Carbon dioxide and H ions |
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How do antidiuretic hormones and aldosterone helps to maintain water-salt balance in the human body?
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antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary, which increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in a kidney while the aldosterone is a hormone that regulates the sodium and potassium ion balance of the blood |
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The excretion of hypertonic urine is dependent on
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the reabsorption of water from the loop |
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When might glucose spill into the urine? Why does glucose not normally spill into the urine?
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excess glucose appears in the blood because liver and muscles failed- kidneys can not reabsorb all the glucose so it appears in the urine |
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Describe functions of the urinary system.
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1. Excretions (removal of metabolic wastes from the body) - kidneys excrete 2. Osmoregulation (regulation of water-salt balance to maintain a normal balance within fluids) 3. maintaining acid-base balance (kidneys regulate the acid-base) 4. Secretion of hormones |
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erythropoietin |
a hormone produced by the kidneys that speed red blood cell formation |
