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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why care about trees? |
• Climate change • Biodiversity • Culture & Heritage Bene |
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Benefits of trees |
• Regulating the carbon cycle and water cycle • Provides biomass for the things that we build out of wood • Buffering the climate • Impress air quality • Reduces the “urban heat island effect” • Absorbs water run off- limits flooding • Saving energy • Provided biodiversity & habitats |
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Key findings |
• Estimated 11,321,386 trees; 15.7% of GM beneath tree canopy • The most common species are; Hawthorn, sycamore and English oak • The total annual economic value of air pollution filtration, storm water attenuation and carbon sequestration in GM’s trees is over £33 million • Greater Manchester’s trees remove 847 tonnes of pollution each year • They intercept 1,644,415 cubic metres of storm water run-off per year • They sequester 56,530 tonnes of carbon each year with 1,573,015 tonnes of carbon currently locked away in GM trees • They produce 122,450 tonnes of oxygen each year • Approximately 1 million trees are in danger of being lost in GM due to pests and diseases such as Ash Dieback and Horse Chestnut Bleeding Canker • It would cost over £4.7 billion to replace all Greater Manchester’s trees |
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British Trees |
• Alder • Apple • Ash • Birch • Beech • Cherry • Plum • Elm • Hawthorn • Hazel • Holly • Juniper • Oak • Pine • Poplar • Rowan • Sycamore • Willow • Yew • etc |
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Identifying leaves |
• Leaves • Bark • Fruit |
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Simple Leaves |
Simple leaves are complete- not divided into smaller leaflets, with a petiole that runs down the middle |
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Compound leaves |
• Made up of small leaflets that join on to the rachis with their own short stems • Palmately compound leaves have a distinctive hand-shape, with the leaflets radiating out from a central point • Pinnately compound leaves are made up of leaflets that join to the rachis either oppositely or alternately |
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Ancient woodland |
• Land that had been continuously wooded since 1500AD • 552,000ha in the UK is accident woodland sites • Two types: - Ancient semi-natural - cleared 100s of years ago and replanted - Plantations on accident woodland sites- felled 100s of years ago and replanted with plantations, usually conifers • Unique features: relatively undisturbed soils and communities of plants and animals that depend on the stable conditions • Abundant fungi indicates undisturbed souls • Characteristic species: Bluebells, wood anemones, celadines, wood garlic, dog mercury, yellow pimpemel • Many species characteristic of ancient woodland are slow to disperse and do not colonise to new areas easily |
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Threats |
• Pollution • Land use change • Invasive species • Climate change • Pests and diseases |
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Dutch Elm Disease |
• Main pathogen is the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, spread by bark beetles • Over 1 billion trees lost worldwide • Twi major epidemics in the UK; 1920’s & 1960’s/1970’s |
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Controlling Dutch Elm Disease |
• Pruning and incinerating • Insecticides to control bark beetles • Fungicide injected every 2-3 years • Vaccine: verticillium also-atrum - Developed in Holland 1990’s - Up to 99% protection in US field studies • Selective breeding, clones, hybridisation and GM trees |
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Chalara Ash Disease |
• First identified one Buckinghamshire, 2012 • Leaf loss, crown dieback lesions affected trees • Usually fatal (alone or via secondary infection) |
