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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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frequency
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number of cycles per vibration
-pitch -measured in hertz |
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Amplitude
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Intensity
-loudness -measured in decibels |
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Auditory Transduction
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the transfer of a sound into neural activity
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Two parts of the outer ear
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Pinna
Ear Canal |
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two parts of the middle ear
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tympanic
ossicles |
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Ossicles
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Three little bones that connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window
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Tympanic membrane
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eardrum
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2 main parts of the inner ear
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Oval window
cochlea |
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Three canals of the cochlea
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middle canal
tympanic canal vestibular canal |
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Where is the Organ of Corti?
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Inside the middle canal
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Where is the basilar membrane?
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Base of the Organ of Corti
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Where is the tectorial membrane
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Top of organ of corti
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What is in between the two membranes in the cochlea?
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Hair cells
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Tonotopic organization
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arranged in a map of low to high frequency
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Two cues that localize sound
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Intensity differences
latency differences |
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Part of the primary auditory cortex that processes music called?
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Heschl's gyrus
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What is amusia?
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An inability to discern tunes or sing
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What causes amusia?
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abnormal connections with frontal cortex
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types of deafness
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conduction
sensorineural central |
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Conduction deafness
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disorders of the outer or middle ear
-prevent sounds from reaching the cochlea |
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Sensorineural deafness
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when hair cells fail to respond to movement of the basilar membrane
- may be due to drugs, noise pollution, or loud sounds |
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What is tinnitus?
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Damage to hair cells, a persistent ringing in the ears
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Central deafness
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Hearing loss caused by damage to auditory brain areas.
-stroke, tumors, or traumatic brain injury |
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Cochlear implants
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Electrical currents stimulate the auditory nerve fibers in the cochlea
by-passes hair cells |
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What controls our sense of balance?
What are the two main parts? |
Vestibular system
Two main parts: -Semicircular canals -Ampulla |
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Semicicular canals
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Three fluid-filled tubes
-canals oriented in three planes of head movement |
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Ampulla
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enlarged region at the base of the canals.
-contains hair cells |
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How does the sensory conflict theory explain motion sickness?
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Sickness occurs when we receive contradictory sensory messages; differences between vestibular and visual input.
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What are the 5 basic tastes detected by the tongue?
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Salty,Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Umami
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What are papillae, and where are taste receptor cells located?
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Bumps on the tongue
all areas of the tongue |
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What is the gustatory system?
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How taste information reaches the brain.
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Where are olfactory receptor cells located?
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Epithelium
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What are TAARS?
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are a new class of olfactory receptors that respond to pheromones.
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What is the vomeronasal system and where are receptors located?
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detects pheromones
-receptors are found in the VNO near the olfactory epithelium. |
