Bovine Teat Disease

Front 1

What is the causative agent of these wart like structures on the cows teat? How can these warts vary in appearance?

Back 1

Bovine papillomavirus.

Can vary from flat or rice grain to more florid in appearance.

Front 2

Why can warts on the teat such as those caused by bovine papillomavirus be an issue?

Back 2

They can act as a mechanical interference with milking and also harbour bacteria!

Front 3

Treatment and prevention of teat warts?

Back 3

Most resolve by themselves.

If immunity is poor in the herd they can spread between cows via the milk machine so good hygiene is paramount in the parlor clean hands, wear gloves etc..

In severe cases may need to remove these via cryosurgery or ligatures.

Front 4

What is the causative agent of these lesions, what is the condition known as?

Back 4

Bovine herpes virus-2

Bovine ulcerative/herpes mammilitis.

Front 5

When is bovine mammilitis usually seen in terms of the time of year?

Back 5

Usually seen in the autumn/ winter months.

Front 6

What is the impact of bovine ulcerative mammillitis on a naiive herd of cattle?

Back 6

The disease spreads rapidly through all ages of cows BUT more often seen in susceptible heifers when entering the milking herd.

Front 7

What are signs of bovine ulcerative mammillitis? Name another manifestation of this disease?

Back 7

Initially widespread vesicles form on the teats and base of udder which quickly rupture to give painful ulcerative lesions.

These lesions become covered in serum exudate forming thick brown scabs.

Healing over 2-3 weeks.

Pseudo lumpy skin disease is another manifestation of bovine herpes virus 2 infection.

Front 8

How do we treat bovine herpes mammillitis?

Back 8

Purely symptomatic -

Antiseptic udder creams and iodine based teat dips.

Affected cows milked last and disinfect clusters carefully to minimise spread.

Front 9

What is a similar virus to orf that causes lesions on cows teats?

Back 9

Parapox virus causing Pseudocowpox in cows also causes papular stomatitis - Zoonotic

Front 10

Treatment and control of parapoxvirus infection in cattle?

Back 10

Symptomatic purely.

Good milking parlour hygiene!

Teat disinfection.

Front 11

Signs of parapox virus in cows?

Back 11

Initial erythematous and oedematous painful lesions on teats.

These progress to raised orange papules and then small dark red scabs.

Scabs shed after 10-12 days leaving a horse shoes or ring lesion.

Front 12

Other infectious teat disease?

Back 12

Blue tongue.

Foot and mouth disease.

Cow Pox- orthopox virus.

Vesicular stomatitis- Rhabdovirus.

Front 13

What is udder impetigo/necrotic dermatitis? What is the main agent implicated in it?

Back 13

Basically like a pyoderma in smallies.

Staphylococci often implicated.

Front 14

What cows are most susceptible to udder impetigo/necrotic dermatitis?

Back 14

High yielding cows that have big udders.

Trauma and rubbing allows infection.

Front 15

Where is udder impetigo usually seen?

Back 15

Where the udder skin lies nice and tight against the medial thigh.

Ventral midline cranial to the udder.

Front 16

How do we treat udder impetigo/necrotic dermatitis?

Back 16

Cleaning the area.

Topical antiseptic cream.

Manage the environment, improve the hygiene.

Front 17

What is shown here? What animals susceptible?

Back 17

Udder oedema.

Heifers 1 week before calving.

Front 18

What are factors implicated in udder oedema?

Back 18

High concentrate, Na or K.

Circulatory disturbances in the udder vessels.

Heritability.

Front 19

Treatment of udder oedema?

Back 19

Most resolve once milked.

But in severe cases steroids or diuretics.

Front 20

What is this likely to be?

Back 20

Photosensitisation which can be primary or secondary.

Front 21

How do we treat photosensitisation ?

Back 21

Take them out of direct sunlight.

Local or systemic anti-inflammatory treatment.

Front 22

What is shown here? How can they be caused? What are they a risk factor for?

Back 22

Teat chaps.

Caused by badly fitted teat cup liners, poor environmental conditions or extreme cold temperatures.

Development of summer mastitis.

Front 23

What are factors that can cause teat end lesions?

Back 23

Malfunctioning milk machine:

Incorrect vacuum pressures.

Liner slip.

Overmilking

Front 24

What is shown here?

Back 24

Black spot caused by fusobacterium necrophorum.

Secondary infection of teat end lesion.

Front 25

How can we conservatively manage teat lacerations?

Back 25

Clean thoroughly with a milk antiseptic solution.

Any devitalized or loose tissue debrided with a scalpel.

Healing by second intention.

Place a teat cannula.

Front 26

When can we only manage a teat laceration conservatively?

Back 26

Only aslong as its not through the teat canal.

Front 27

When would we surgical repair a teat laceration?

Back 27

Only if the teat cistern is breached.

Front 28

Describe the procedure for surgically stitching up a teat laceration?

Back 28

Sedate and cast the cow.

Simple Ring block of teat.

Prior to suturing meticulously clean and debride.

Stitch with fine absorbable material such as vicryl for mucosa and submucosa.

Close teat skin with nylon.

Insert teat canula.

Front 29

What are causes of teat cistern obstructions?

Back 29

Congenital obstructions- Heifers born, if lucky her cistern is filling and you need to do is open the orifice with a 14-16 G needle or teat knife.

Acquired- Teat pea or pencil obstruction.

Front 30

What is the cause of teat peas?

Back 30

Proliferative granulation tissue, mucosal injurt or fibrosis secondary to teat trauma.

Front 31

How can we remove teat peas?

Back 31

Enlarging teat orifice with a teat knife.

Squeeze it out.

Or if larger or fixed can use teat instruments.

Infuse A/B and corticosteroids for a few days.

Front 32

Signs of a pencil obstruction?

Back 32

Milk only flows in small amounts and can palpate it.