Body Fluids Analysis

Front 1

not a component of normal feces

Back 1

blood

Front 2

does not result in watery or diarrheal stools

Back 2

decreased intestinal motility

Front 3

lactose intolerance caused by the lack of sufficient lactase primarily presents with

Back 3

osmotic diarrhea

Front 4

This test assists most in the differentiation of secretory from osmotic diarrhea

Back 4

fecal osmolality

Front 5

the inability to convert dietary foodsutffs into readily absorbable substances is called intestinal...

Back 5

maldigestion

Front 6

intestinal motility is not stimulated by...

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sympathetic nerve activity

Front 7

This condition is characterized by the excretion of greasy, pale, foul-smelling feces

Back 7

steatorrhea

Front 8

the daily amount of fat excreted in the feces is normally less than

Back 8

6 g

Front 9

this test is required to diagnose steatorrhea

Back 9

fecal fat

Front 10

the amount of feces produced in __ hours correlates ______ with food intake

Back 10

24, poorly

Front 11

fecal specimens are often tested for

Back 11

fat, blood, carbs

Front 12

____ is responsible for the characteristic color of normal feces.

Back 12

Urobilins

Front 13

a fecal ______ determination aids in differentiating the cause of diarrhea

Back 13

leukocyte

Front 14

____ stains with Sudan III of Oil Red O stains.

Back 14

Neutral fats

Front 15

These types of fat requireacidification and heat before they are stained with Sudan III or Oil Red stains

Back 15

fatty acids and soaps (FA salts)

Front 16

With the two-slide qualitative fecal fat determination, the first slide produces a normal amount of staining fat present, whereas the second slide, following acid addition and heat, produces an abnormally increased amount of fat present. These results indicate

Back 16

malabsorption

Front 17

mass screening in adults for occult blood in the feces is performed primariluy to detect

Back 17

colorectal cancer

Front 18

this dietary substance can cause a false negative fecal occult blood slide test.

Back 18

ascorbic acid

Front 19

this action can cause a false positive fecal occult blood slide test

Back 19

rehydration of the speciment on the slide before testing.

Front 20

this substance is the indicator of choice in fecal occult blood slide tests

Back 20

guaiac

Front 21

This condition can result in the excretion of small amounts of occult blood in the feces

Back 21

hemorrhoids, bleeding gums, peptic ulcers, intake of iron supplements (all of the answers)

Front 22

A ___ color following alkali treatment indicates the presence of ____ hemoglobin

Back 22

pink, fetal

Front 23

____ and _____ are clinical manifestations of disaccharidase deficiency

Back 23

a postitive fecal clinitest, fecal pH of 5.0

Front 24

this test can differentiate inadequate carbohydrate metabolism from inadequate carbohydrate absorption

Back 24

xylose absorption test

Front 25

seminal fluid analysis is performed routinely to evaluate

Back 25

postvasectomy status

Front 26

These structures contribute to secretions in seminal fluid

Back 26

epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, seminferous tubules (all the answers)

Front 27

This structure performs an endocrine and an exocrine function

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testes

Front 28

the primary function of seminal fluid is to

Back 28

transport the spermatozoa

Front 29

produces and secretes testosterone

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interstitial cells of Leydig

Front 30

site of spermatogenesis

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seminiferous tubules

Front 31

concentrates and stores sperm

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epididymis

Front 32

secretes fluid rich in zinc

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prostate gland

Front 33

secretes fluid high in fructose

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seminal vesicles

Front 34

transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct

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vas deferens

Front 35

only complete collections of the _____ ejaculate are acceptable for analysis

Back 35

entire

Front 36

this condition adversely affects the quality of a seminal fluid specimen

Back 36

storage of specimen at refrigerator temps

Front 37

following liquefaction, the viscosity of normal seminal fluid is _____ to that of _____

Back 37

similar, water

Front 38

spermatozoa motility should be evaluated ______ and at _ hours after collection

Back 38

initially, 2

Front 39

sperm concentration in a normal ejaculate ranges from 20 to ___ million per ml

Back 39

250

Front 40

stained smears of _____ semen are used to evaluate sperm _____.

Back 40

fresh, morphology

Front 41

this parameter directly relates to and provieds a check of the spermatozoa motility evaluation

Back 41

vitality assessment

Front 42

microscopically, immature spermatogenic cells are often difficult to distinguish from

Back 42

leukocytes

Front 43

a seminal fluid pH > 7.8 is associated with

Back 43

infection of the male reproductive tract

Front 44

Fructose in seminal fluid assists in the evaluation of...

Back 44

the secretory function of the seminal vesicles and the functional integrity of the vas deferens

Front 45

____ can be used to evaluate the secretory function of the prostate gland.

Back 45

zinc

Front 46

the concentration of ________ can be used to positively ID a fluid as seminal fluid

Back 46

acid phosphatase

Front 47

amniotic fluid is not a medium for _____ of oxygen

Back 47

exchange

Front 48

amniocentesis usually is performed at 15-18 wekks of gestation to determine

Back 48

genetic disorders

Front 49

solute and water exchange occure between the fetus and amniotic fluid in the following ways:

Back 49

fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, transudation across fetal skin, fetal urination into the amniotic fluid, respiration of smniotic fluid in the fetal pulmonary system (all answers)

Front 50

describes a decreased volume of amniotic fluid present in the amniotic sac

Back 50

oligohydramnios

Front 51

amniotic fluid specimens are immediately protected form light to preserve

Back 51

bilirubin

Front 52

when present in amniotic fluid, is affected adversely by refrigeration...

Back 52

fetal cells

Front 53

high centrifugation speeds in preocessing amniotic fluid must be avoided to prevent error in the detection of

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phospholipids

Front 54

analysis of these substances can aid in the differentiation of amniotic fluid from urine

Back 54

urea, glucose, creatinine, and protein (all the answers)

Front 55

normally, amniotic fluid contains fetal ___, ___, and ___.

Back 55

hair, cells, vernix

Front 56

is not a test to evaluate the surfactants present in the fetal pulmonary system

Back 56

delta A 450

Front 57

these test results would indicatre fetal lung immaturity

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a lecithin:sphingomyelin < 2.0
a lecithin:sphingomyelin > 2.0, with phosphatidylglycerol absent

Front 58

this condition can cause erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 58

maternal immuniztion by fetal antigens

Front 59

a deltaA450 calue that falls into zone III indicates that the fetus is experiencing

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severe hemolysis

Front 60

CSF is produced primariily from

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secretions by the choroid plexus

Front 61

CSF is found between the

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arachnoid and pia mater

Front 62

CSF is produced

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constantly

Front 63

____ does not pass through the blood brain barrier

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fibrinogen

Front 64

during a lumbar puncture procedure, the first collection tube of CSF removed should be used for

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chemistry tests

Front 65

the _____ of the _____ is not an anylytical concern when the processing and testing of CSF is delayed

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lability, Ig

Front 66

pleocytosis is a term used to describe

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an increased number of cells in the CSF

Front 67

increased numbers of leukocytes can not cause

Back 67

xanthochromia

Front 68

when found in CSF, this indicates a traumatic puncture

Back 68

uneven distribution of blood in the CSF collection tubes

Front 69

number of leukocytes that are normally present in the CSF of an adult

Back 69

0-5/microliter

Front 70

what type of cells may be present in small number in normal CSF

Back 70

lymphs

Front 71

which cell type predominate in CSF during a classic case of bacterial meningitis

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neutrophils

Front 72

cell type that predominates in CSF during classic case of viral meningitis

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lymphs

Front 73

when choroid plexus cells and ependymal cells are present in CSF they

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closely resemble clusters of malignant cells

Front 74

this protein is not normally present in CSF

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fibrinogen

Front 75

does not result in an incresaed CSF total protein

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trauma to the CNS, resulting in fluid loss

Front 76

this protein is used to monitor the integrity of the blood brain barrier

Back 76

albumin

Front 77

an IgG index > 0.70 indicates

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intrathecal synthesis of IgG

Front 78

an unknown fluid can be identified positively as being CSF by determining the

Back 78

presence of carbohydrate deficient transferrin on electrophoresis

Front 79

true or false:
oligoclonal bands usually correlate with the stage of disease and can be used to predict disease progression

Back 79

false

Front 80

true or false:
increased CSF glucose values are diagnostically significant

Back 80

false

Front 81

normal CSF lactate levels are commonly found in patients with

Back 81

viral meningitis

Front 82

this procedures frequently provides a rapid preseumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

Back 82

CSF gram stain

Front 83

India ink preps and microbial antigen tests on CSF can aid in the diagnosis of

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fungal meningitis

Front 84

providing lubrication for a joint and transporting mutrients to articular cartilage is a funtion of

Back 84

synovial fluid

Front 85

true or false:
synovial fluid is viscous

Back 85

true

Front 86

this is not normally present in synovial fluid

Back 86

fibrinogen

Front 87

this substance does not increase the turbidity of synovial fluid

Back 87

hyaluronate

Front 88

abnormally decreased viscosity in synovial fluid results from

Back 88

depolymerization of hyaluronate by neutrophilic enzymes

Front 89

a synovial fluid specimen is received in the lab 2 hours after collection. what change to the fluid will most likely have taken place

Back 89

crystals may have precipitated or dissolved

Front 90

this anticoagulant should be used with a synovial fluid specimen when needed

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sodium heparin

Front 91

a synovial fluid specimen has a high cell count and requires dilution to be counted. which diluent should be used

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normal saline

Front 92

this result from synovial fluid analysis indicates a joint disease process

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a diff count showing greater than 25% neutrophils

Front 93

differentiation of synovial fluid cyrstals, based on their birefringence, is achieved using

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compensated polarizing microscopy

Front 94

the microscopic examination of synovial fluid for crystals can be difficult because

Back 94

(all answers)

Front 95

this crystal characteristacally occurs in patients with gout

Back 95

monosodium urate cyrstals

Front 96

these crystals are not birefringent in synovial fluid

Back 96

hydroxyapatite crystals

Front 97

assuming a pt is fasting, these analytes are normally present in the synovial fluid in essentially the same concentration as in the blood plasma

Back 97

glucose and uric acid

Front 98

this provides a definitive diagnosis of a specific joint condition

Back 98

staph bacteria ID by gram stain

Front 99

synovial specimen reveals: cloudy, yellow-green fluid of low viscosity, total leukocyte count of 98,000 cells/microliter, plasma-synovial fluid glucose differnece of 47 mg/dl

specimen would most likely be classified as

Back 99

septic

Front 100

an analysis of synovial fluid specimen reveals: yellow fluid of high viscosity, total leukocyte count of 300 cells /microliter, plasma-synovial fluid differnece of 17 mg/dl

the specimen would be classified as

Back 100

noninflammatory

Front 101

statement about serous fluid-filled body cavities

Back 101

all 4 are true

Front 102

this mechanism is responsible of the formation of serous fluid in body cavities

Back 102

ultrafiltration of circulating blood plasma

Front 103

this condition enhances the formation of serous fluid in a body cavity

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increased capillary permeability

Front 104

the pathologic accumulatino of fluid in a body cavity is called

Back 104

an effusion

Front 105

para centesis and seroud fluid testing are performed to

Back 105

remove serous fluids that may be compressing a vital organ, determine the pathologic cause of an effusion, ID an effusion as a transudate or an exudate

Front 106

thoracentesis refers specifically to the removal of fluid from the

Back 106

pleural cavity

Front 107

which paramaters best IDs a fluid as a transudate or an exudate

Back 107

total protein ration an dlactate dehydrogenase ratio

Front 108

chylous and pseudochylous effusions are differntiated by their

Back 108

triglyceride concentrations

Front 109

this condition is most often associated with the formation of a transudate

Back 109

congestive heart failure

Front 110

neoplasms, infections, RA, trauma

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exudate

Front 111

hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

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transudate

Front 112

this lab finding on an effusion does not indicate a specific diagnosis

Back 112

serous fluid glucose concentration less than 60 mg/dl

Front 113

abnormally low fluid pH measurements are useful in evaluatin conditions associate with

Back 113

pleural effusions

Front 114

a pleural of periotneal fluid amylase level 2 times higher than the serum amylase level can be found in effusion resulting from

Back 114

pancreatitis

Front 115

a glucose concentration difference greater than 30 mg/dl between the serum and an effusion is associated with

Back 115

rhematoid arthritis

Front 116

this action can adversely affect the chances of obtaining a positive stain or cultrue when perfoming microbiologic studies on infectious serous fluid

Back 116

storing serous fluid specimens at refrigerator temps