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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which part of the plasma does this: Transport medium, carries heat
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Water
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Which part of the plasma does this: Membrane excitability; osmotic distribution of fluid between ECF and ICF; buffer pH changes
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Electrolytes
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What are the functions of nutrients, waste, gases and hormones in plasma?
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Transported in blood; blood gas CO2plays role in acid-base balance
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Which part of the plasma does this: buffer pH changes
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Plasma proteins
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What is the function of Albumins?
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Transport many substances non-specifically; contribute most to colloid osmotic pressure
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Which part of the plasma does this: Transport specific water-insoluble substances; clotting factors; inactive precursor molecules
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Alpha and beta globulins
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Gamma globulins have what function?
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antibodies
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What is the function of fibrinogen?
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Inactive precursor for the fibrin meshwork of a clot
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Which leukocyte fights cold and flu viruses?
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lymphocytes
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Which leukocyte cleans up tissue debris?
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monocytes
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Which leukocyte protects the body from bacteria and important in immflamation? Phagocytic defense
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neutrophils
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Which leukocyte protects against allergies and parasites?
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eusinophils
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Where are most new lymphocytes formed?
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in lymphoid tissues by lymphocytes (lymph nodes and tonsils)
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Where are granulocytes and monocytes formed?
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bone marrow
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What do b cells do?
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Produce antibodies
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What do T cells do? (NK cells also do this)
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lead to death of infected cells and tumor cells
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_____Mature and enlarge in resident tissue and become known as _____
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monocytes, macrophages
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What part of blood has organelles but no nucleus
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Platelets
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How many platelets per mL of blood?
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100,000 - 500,000
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Lifespan of platelets
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10 days
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What protein causes increases platelet production?
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Thrombopoietin
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Three steps in hemostasis
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Vascular spasm, formation of platelet plug, blood coagulation
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Describe Vascular spasm
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Injured vessels vasoconstrict, slowing blood flow
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% of body weight is blood?
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8%
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Plasma is made up of ____ water, ____ Electrolytes, ____ Nutrients (wastes, gas, hormones), ____ plasma proteins
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90%, 1%, 1-3%, 6-8%
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How must lipids and fatty acids travel through blood?
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Attached to protein
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Most plasma proteins are produced where?
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liver
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release H ions if pH _____, take up H ions if pH______
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increases, decreases
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clotting ends when ____ is converted to _____
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fibrinogen, fibrin
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Water (makes up 90% of plasma)
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Transport medium, carries heat
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Electrolytes
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Membrane excitability; osmotic distribution of fluid between ECF and ICF; buffer pH changes
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Nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones
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Transported in blood; blood gas CO2plays role in acid-base balance
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Plasma proteins
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In general, exert an osmotic effect important in distribution of ECF between vascular and interstitial compartments; buffer pH changes
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Albumins
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Transport many substances non-specifically; contribute most to colloid osmotic pressure
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Alpha and beta globulins
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Transport specific water-insoluble substances; clotting factors; inactive precursor molecules
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Gamma globulins
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Antibodies
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Fibrinogen
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Inactive precursor for the fibrin meshwork of a clot
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Can red blood cells do protein synthesis?
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No
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Where do red blood cells get all their energy
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glycolosis
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Increase surface area, _____ diffusion rate
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increase
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Each cell has how many hemoglobin? How many oxygen can hemoglobin bind to?
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250 million, 4
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Which part of hemoglobin is the iron part? what about the protein part?
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heme, globin
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What is the majority of CO2 in the body carried as? Due to what part of the RBC?
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bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonic anhydrase
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What organ removes old erythrocytes?
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spleen
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What is erythropoeisis and where does it take place?
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bone marrow
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What organ detects a decrease in red blood cells?
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kidney
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What does kidney do in the creation of erythrocytes?
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detects decrease, sends erythropoietin to bone marrow
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What are the 3 things needed for erythrocyte production?
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iron, folic acid, B12
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macrophages in spleen ____ erythrocytes by ____ to break them down. biproducts are sent to ___ where ___ is reused and the remaining part is ____
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engulf, phagocytosis, liver, iron, bilirubin
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Too few red blood cells in specific volume of blood
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anemia
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Nutritional anemia
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often iron deficiency
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Pernicious anemia
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lack of B12
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Aplastic anemia
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destruction of bone marrow
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Renal anemia
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renal damage ↓ erythropoietin
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Hemorrhagic anemia
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excessive blood loss
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Hemolytic anemia
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hemolysis of circulating RBCs
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Too many circulating RBCs and elevated hematocrit
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Polycythemia
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Types of polycythemia
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Primary: tumor in bone marrow, erythropoiesis uncontrolled & Secondary: erythropoietin induced
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What conditions would the following hematocrit match to? 45%, 30%, 70%, 70% with lower water level
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Normal, anemia, polycythemia, dehydration
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Most common leukocyte? least common leukocyte?
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Neutrophils, basophils
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Never Let Men Eat Beans
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Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
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Granules are neutral and show no dye preference
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Neutrophils
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Granules have an affinity for the red dye eosin
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Eosinophils
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Granules have an affinity for a basic blue dye
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Basophils
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Have oval or kidney-shaped nucleus
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Monocytes
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Smallest of the leukocytes; usually have large spherical nucleus that occupies most of the cell
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Lymphocytes
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