Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Marco Polo |
Italian merchant who traveled China and described his travels in Description of the World |
|
|
Compass |
Enabled sailors to know what direction they were heading in |
|
|
Astrolabe |
Helped sailors determine their ship’s latitude on the ocean |
|
|
Caravel |
A small light Portuguese ship with three triangular sails |
|
|
Mercantilism |
An economic system based on the belief that a nations wealth consisted of precious metals, especially gold, and that a country could increase its wealth by getting more gold especially from other countries |
|
|
Favorable balance of trade |
To export more than you import is |
|
|
Bartolomeo Dias |
Found the Cape of Good Hope |
|
|
Vasco da Gama |
Sailed around Africa to India |
|
|
Christopher Columbus |
Discovered the New World in 1492 |
|
|
Spain |
Who did Christopher Columbus explore for |
|
|
San Salvador |
Columbus first landed on |
|
|
Amerigo Vespucci |
America was named after |
|
|
John Cabot |
Italian explorer who claimed North America for England |
|
|
Ferdinand magellan |
First man to circumnavigate the globe |
|
|
Circumnavigate |
To sail completely aroumd |
|
|
Martin Luther |
German monk who began the Protestant Reformation |
|
|
Protestant reformation |
Movement that called into question the catholic doctrines |
|
|
John Calvin |
Geneva’s most influential teacher |
|
|
Bering strait |
Historians believe that the Indians crossed over on what place from Asia |
|
|
The Pueblos |
Probably the first North American Indians that Spanish explorers encountered |
|
|
Town |
Pueblo means |
|
|
Mound builders |
Built large funeral mounds in the Midwest |
|
|
Eastern woodland Indians |
These Indians were in the Eastern side of North America and they were probably the first Indians that the English encountered |
|
|
Conquistadors |
Conqueror |
|
|
Hernando Cortés |
The first great conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
|
|
Aztecs |
Group of Indians in Mexico |
|
|
Montezuma |
The great Aztec king |
|
|
Francisco Coronado |
Looked for the cities of gold but instead found the Grand Canyon |
|
|
Juan Ponce de León |
Discovered Florida |
|
|
St. Augustine |
The first Spanish settlement in 1565 and the oldest settlement in the U.S. |
|
|
Hernando de Soto |
Discovered the Mississippi River |
|
|
King Philip II |
Spanish king bent on crushing Protestantism who created the most powerful army |
|
|
Sie Francis Drake |
The most famous admiral under Queen Elizabeth 1 |
|
|
Sea Dogs |
Sie Francis Drake and other commanders who robbed Spanish ships were called |
|
|
The Spanish armada |
In 1588 Queen Elizabeth I defeated what |
|
|
Sir Walter Raleigh |
Compiled a list of reasons for colonizing the New World for Queen Elizabeth I |
|
|
Roanoke Island |
Sie Walter Raleigh’s colony was called |
|
|
The lost colony |
Roanoke was also known as |
|
|
New France |
French settlements in Canada were known as |
|
|
Henry Hudson |
Claimed the North Atlantic coast and New York for the dutch |
|
|
New Netherland |
The area that Henry Hudson claimed was known as |
|
|
Headrights |
Land grants |
|
|
Indenture |
Work contract |
|
|
Quick riches, opportunity to own land, political freedom, religious freedom, and adventure |
Englishmen came to the new world for what key reasons |
|
|
Church of England |
Also known as the Anglican Church |
|
|
Magna Carta |
What document guaranteed certain basic rights to English nobility |
|
|
The sermon |
The centerpiece of colonial church services was |
|
|
Proprietary colony |
A colony where the king appointed proprietors to govern the colony |
|
|
Royal colony |
A colony controlled directly by the king |
|
|
The middle passage |
The Africans journey to the new world was called |
|
|
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island |
The colonies that made up New England |
|
|
Pilgrims |
The first English settlers to arrive in New England |
|
|
November, 1620 |
When did the pilgrims arrive |
|
|
Off of cape cod Massachusetts |
Where did the pilgrims land |
|
|
Puritans |
The group of Anglicans who wanted to purify the church from its catholic practices |
|
|
Charter colony |
A colony governed by a trade company |
|
|
Joint-stock companies |
Companies who shared profits, provided a way that individuals could work together to colonize land. Colonized Virginia |
|
|
The Mayflower Compact |
Because they were outside of Virginia company territory the leaders of the pilgrims devised the first contract of government in America called |
|
|
The Virginia company |
The London company was later known as |
|
|
Jamestown |
Became the first permanent English settlement in the New World |
|
|
Pilgrims |
The first English settlers to arrive in New England |
|
|
Pocahontas |
The marriage of this woman helped smooth relations between the Powhatan Confederacy and the Jamestown colonists |
|
|
John Smith |
Enforced biblical discipline necessary for the Jamestown colonists to survive |
|
|
Starving time |
The winter of 1609-1610 were known as what to the Jamestown colonists |
|
|
House of Burgesses |
The first self governing assembly in the new world |
|
|
Tobacco |
America’s first cash crop |
|
|
William Bradford |
The first governor of the pilgrims |
|
|
Squanto |
Indian who helped provide the settlers with life saving information about crop fertilization and how to catch fish and eels |
|
|
October 1621 |
When was the first thanksgiving celebrated |
|
|
John Winthrop |
The driving force behind the Puritan’s colony was their governor |
|
|
Covenant |
Puritans believed that they were in a legally binding contract with God known as a |
|
|
Harvard College |
Established near Boston to train young men for the ministry |
|
|
Expansion and disagreements |
Two factors that led to the puritan’s colonization of other colonies |
|
|
Thomas Hooker |
A Puritan leader who was fundamental in founding Connecticut |
|
|
The fundamental orders of Connecticut |
The first written constitution of the new world |
|
|
Anne Hutchinson |
Lady who was banished to Rhode Island for heresy in Massachusetts |
|
|
Prayer |
Typical colonial services began with what |
|
|
Roger Williams |
Man who founded Rhode Island |
|
|
New Hampshire |
Did not become a colony until 1679 |
|
|
Middle colonies |
The colonies with the most cultural diversity |
|
|
Peter minuit |
Purchased manhattan for 24 dollars |
|
New York Pennsylvania New Jersey and Delaware |
The middle colonies included |
|
|
William Penn |
Founded Pennsylvania |
|
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina South Carolina and Georgia |
The southern colonies included |
|
|
New England Primer |
Served as the standard text through the colonial period |
|
|
Dame schools |
Schools that were often taught by women |
|
|
Poor Richards almanac |
Most popular reading in Colonial America |
|
|
Established Denominations |
Denominations that enjoyed state support |
|
|
Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert) |
First proprietor of Maryland |
|
|
In maryland |
Most Catholics settled where |
|
|
Georgia |
Founded as a buffer between Spanish Florida |
|
|
James Oglethorpe |
Founded Georgia |
|
|
Scots-Irish |
Largest group of non English settlers were |
|
|
Great wagon road |
An Iroquois Indian road from Virginia to Georgia that the Scots-Irish used |
|
|
Pennsylvania Dutch |
German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania |
|
|
Colonial style |
Steep gabled roofs tall brick chimneys brick arches over doors Tudor style construction |
|
|
Hornbook |
Board shaped like a paddle containing the Lord’s Prayer and the alphabet |
|
|
King Henry VIII |
Broke away from the Roman Catholicism church during the 1500s |
|
|
Congregationalists |
Most puritans eventually were called |
|
|
Half-Way Covenant |
Allowed for unsaved church members children to be baptized |
|
|
Salem witch trials |
Left New England Puritanism spiritually depressed |
|
|
Anglicanism |
The most widespread religion after Puritanism in seventeenth century America |
|
|
Anglicanism |
The established church in Virginia Maryland Carolinas Georgia and parts of New Jersey and York |
|
|
Separatists and Roman Catholics |
The non-established denominations included what key groups |
|
|
Roger williams |
Fled from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island |
|
|
Baptists |
Succeeded through persecution and founded most of their churches in Pennsylvania |
|
|
George Fox |
Founded the Quakers |
|
|
Society of Friends |
Quakers were also known as |
|
|
King Edward VI |
King who pushed for Protestant reforms in the Anglican Church |
|
|
Holy Experiment |
William Penn’s establishment of a colony was called |
|
|
Lutherans |
Followers of the German reformer Martin Luther. Mostly settled in Pennsylvania |
|
|
Anabaptists |
Groups who refused to have anything to do with the state, and stressed the importance of a holy and simple life |
|
|
Mennonites |
Followers of the Dutch teacher Menno Simons and were the largest Ana Baptist group |
|
|
Amish |
The more conservative branch of the mennonites |
|
|
Presbyterians |
Originated in the British isles and came for religious freedom |
|
|
Dutch reformed |
Group who came to the new world but were more interested in riches than religion |
|
|
Huguenots |
The French reformed who settled in Virginia and South Carolina were also called |
|
|
German Reformed |
Group from Germany who preserved their identity by concentrating in Pennsylvania |
|
|
Moravians |
Followers of John Huss in Bohemia who emphasized mission work |
|
|
Queen Mary (Bloody Mary) |
Attempted to reinstate Catholicism in England |
|
|
John Eliot |
Missionary to the Algonquin Indians |
|
|
David Brainerd |
Missionary who inspired many other young men to enter the mission field to the Indians |
|
|
Jonathan edwards |
Preached sinners in the hand of an angry god |
|
|
The great awakening |
The first significant revival in America |
|
|
George Whitfield |
The most outstanding evangelist of the great awakening |
|
|
Democracy and religious liberty |
The great awakening was an awakening of the spirit of what two things |
|
|
Queen Elizabeth I |
Made the Anglican Church the official Church of England |
|
|
Puritans |
Staunch Protestants who wanted to purify the Roman Catholic Church of its Catholic tradions |
|
|
Low-church Anglicans |
Agreed doctrinally with the Puritans, but didn’t mind the Anglicans ceremonies |
|
|
High-church Anglicans |
Believed that the church’s traditional practices were divinely ordained |
|
|
Separatists |
Believed that the whole Church of England was corrupt and that they had to separate from it |
|
|
Puritanism |
The most influential religious movement in colonial history was |
|
|
Congregational form of church government |
Each congregation elected its own officers and remained independent of others |
